不同地理群体魁蚶杂交受精过程的荧光观察

Cytological observations on fertilization of Scapharca broughtonii from China and Korea

中文关键词: 魁蚶  杂交  受精过程  荧光观察

英文关键词: Scapharca broughtonii  Hybridization  Fertilization process  Fluorescent observation

中文摘要:

      以韩国统营海区的雌性魁蚶为母本、中国长岛海区雄性魁蚶为父本进行人工授精，运用Hoechst 33258染色、荧光显微观察方法研究了两群体魁蚶杂交受精及早期胚胎发育过程，并统计了受精率和胚胎发育畸形率。结果表明，中国魁蚶的精子能够顺利进入韩国魁蚶卵细胞，并激活成熟分裂活动，随后卵细胞相继排放出两个极体，之后雌、雄原核形成，两原核相互靠近并完成联合形成合子，启动有丝分裂开始胚胎早期发育，胚胎能够顺利发育至D形幼虫；受精率为92%，胚胎畸形率为23.5%，相对较高的畸形率可能由于多精入卵导致染色体分离紊乱所致。

英文摘要:

      This paper mainly reports on the study on hybridization (K♀×C♂) of two different geographic populations of Scapharca broughtonii from Korea (K) and China (C). Microscopic observations on the fertilization and early embryonic development stained by fluorescent dyes Hoechst 33258 were done by fluorescence microscope. The fertility rate and embryonic malformation rate were counted respectively. The result showed that the sperm could smoothly enter the eggs and activate meiotic division, then the male and female pronucleus formed after two polar body were released in succession. The two pronuclei then moved to each other to fuse into the zygote, which subsequently started the mitosis and early embryonic development. Most embryos developed into D-larvae successfully. The fertility rate and embryonic malformation rate were 92% and 23.5% respectively. The relative high malformation rate was probably attributed to polyspermy which disrupted chromosome separation.