三疣梭子蟹新品种“黄选1号”的选育

The new variety of Portunus trituberculatus“Huangxuan No.1”

中文关键词: 三疣梭子蟹  群体选育  “黄选1号”新品种  “蟹、虾、贝、鱼”生态养殖

英文关键词: Portunus trituberculatus  Group selection breeding  New variety of “Huangxuan No.1”  “Crab, shrimp, clam and fish" ecological mariculture

中文摘要:

      2005年收集鸭绿江口、莱州湾、海州湾、舟山4个三疣梭子蟹野生地理群体，构建核心育种群体，评估有效群体含量，制定合理保种模式；在5%留种率下，采用群体选育方法进行新品种培育。到2010年经过连续5个世代选育，形成特征明显、性状稳定的三疣梭子蟹新品种“黄选1号”。在相同养殖条件下与商品苗种进行对比测试。“黄选1号”收获时平均个体体重提高20.12%，成活率提高32.00%，全甲宽变异系数小于5%“黄选1号”新品种2010~2012年进行中试养殖200余hm2，养殖方法以“蟹、虾、贝，鱼”多品种生态养殖为主。结果显示，新品种收获时个体规格大、成活率高、整齐度好，平均单产提高30%；已推广到山东潍坊、日照、青岛、烟台、河北沧州、唐海及浙江象山等地，累计养殖面积6 000余hm2，获得较显著的经济效益和社会效益。

英文摘要:

      Portunus trituberculatus belongs to the class Crustacea, family Portunidae. It is an economically valued crab species. With the rapid expansion and intensification of Portunus trituberculatus culture, various problems such as diseases, bad quality of larvae and less natural resources, have showen and become serious, causing economic losses. These have become the limiting factors in the sustainable development of this program. At last, these problems are resolved by new varieties obatined by selective breeding. In October 2005, 1261 individuals were collected from four wild geographic populations distributed in the Yalvjiangkou, Laizhou Gulf, Zhoushan, and Haizhou Gulf . Firstly, we established fundamental stock using the four populations. Secondly we estimated the effective population size for core breeding population of P. trituberculatus, and setup breed maintenance mode. Population selection was carried out at a seed reservation rate of 5%. The new variety “Huangxuan No. 1” was selected successfully in 2010, after selection for five-generations successively. “Huangxuan No. 1” showed better economic traits such as fast growth and high survival rate. It showed a body weight increase of 20.12% and survival rate increase of 32.00% respectively, compared with the natural population. With support from the government fishery authority and crab farmers, YSFRI has made significant efforts to popularize the “Huangxuan No. 1” in Weifang, Rizhao, Qingdao and Yantai in Shandong province, Cangzhou in Hebei province, and Ningbo in Zhejiang province. The accumulated extension area during 2010—2012 was up to 6,000 ha covered by the new variety. Average yield increased 30%.The main farming model for crab is “crab,shrimp,clam and fish” ecological culture “Huangxuan No. 1” was approved by China National Aquaculture Variety Approval Committee as a new variety for aquaculture in 2012 (registered No.: GS-01-002-2012).