山东半岛大叶藻的抽样调查与鉴定

Survey and identification of Zosteraceae along Shandong Peninsula coast

中文关键词: 大叶藻  海草  ITS  分布调查  种类鉴定

英文关键词: Zosteraceae  Seagrass  ITS  Distribution survey  Species identification

中文摘要:

      2011年8~10月对山东半岛大叶藻进行了调查研究，并对山东半岛大叶藻进行了分类鉴定。结果显示，山东半岛主要存在3种大叶藻科（Zosteraceae）种类，分别是大叶藻属Zostera的大叶藻Zostera marina L.、矮大叶藻Zostera japonica Ascherson & Graebner以及虾形藻属Phyllospadix的红须虾形藻Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino。其中，大叶藻分布广泛，莱州湾、俚岛、小石岛、楮岛、汇泉湾等地均发现有大叶藻存在，莱州湾地区大叶藻呈斑状分布，汇泉湾呈零星分布，俚岛、小石岛、楮岛地区呈片状分布；矮大叶藻分布较少，莱州湾地区呈斑状分布，广饶地区零星分布；红须虾形藻仅发现于青岛石老人海水浴场，呈斑状分布。调查还发现，山东半岛近海沿岸大叶藻海草场都存在不同程度的退化和破坏，除俚岛、小石岛、楮岛的大叶藻呈片状分布以外，其他地区的大叶藻均呈斑状分布或者零星分布。日照东港地区的海草场更是破坏严重，且本次调查范围内未发现大叶藻存在。

英文摘要:

      In order to further investigate the species and distribution of Zosteraceae along the coast of Shandong Peninsula, ecological survey was performed during August~October, 2011. Based on morphological characteristics, ITS sequences were analyzed to identify the Zosteraceae samples.Three species were found during the survey, namely, Zostera marina L, Zostera japonica Ascherson & Graebner,and Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino. Among them, Z. marina distributed most widely but in different patterns in each place: mottled in Laizhou Bay, sporadic in Huiquan Bay, and in large stretches along the coast of Lidao, Xiaoshidao and Chudao. Z. japonica was found in less bimass, showing a mottled distribution in Laizhou Bayand a sporadic distribution in Guangrao County. P. iwatensis was found only in Shilaoren Beach in Qingdao with a patchy distribution. The survey also revealed that seagrass beds of Zosteraceae along Shandong Peninsula coast have been damaged and have degenerated in various degrees. Along the coast of Lidao, Xiaoshidao, and Chudao, Zosteraceae distributed in large stretches, while in other surveyed areas it showed a patchy or sporadic distribution. Specifically, seagrass beds of Zosteraceae along Rizhao coast seemed to be completely destroyed,and none Zosteraceae species was found.