温度、盐度、pH和饵料密度对皱肋文蛤清滤率的影响

Effects of temperature, salinity, pH, and microalgae density on clearance rates of Meretrix lyrata

中文关键词: 皱肋文蛤  清滤率  温度  盐度  pH  饵料密度

英文关键词: Meretrixlyrata  Clearance rate  Temperature  Salinity pH  Microalgae density

中文摘要:

      采用实验生态学方法研究了温度、盐度、pH和饵料密度对皱肋文蛤清滤率的影响，旨在为该贝养殖容量、摄食行为和能量学研究提供基础数据，以及为该贝在我国南方海域的健康养殖和推广提供依据。实验结果表明，皱肋文蛤清滤率随温度（13～33℃）、盐度（13～33）、pH（7～9）和饵料密度（2.5×10⁴～10×10⁴ cell/ml）的变化而呈现峰值变化，各种环境因子对3种规格皱肋文蛤清滤率均具有极显著性影响(P＜0.01)。当温度、盐度、pH和饵料密度分别为28℃、23、8和10×10⁴ cell/ml时，大、中、小规格皱肋文蛤清滤率均达到最大值，分别为1.06、1.78和2.42 L/g·h， 0.35、0.65和1.05 L/g·h， 1.26、1.67和2.02 L/g·h，1.29、2.07和2.29 L/g·h，表明温度为28℃、盐度为23、pH为8、饵料密度为10×10⁴ cell/ml是皱肋文蛤最适宜的摄食环境条件。大、中、小规格皱肋文蛤清滤率对温度、盐度、pH和饵料密度敏感性均表现为大规格＜中规格＜小规格，揭示皱肋文蛤在适宜的环境条件下，中、小规格个体摄食活动频繁，生长旺盛。

英文摘要:

      The farming of the clam Meretrix lyrata has been successfully developed since 1987 and brought high economic and social benefits to the coastal communities. As a highly valued fishery resource especially in Vietnam, recently M. lyrata has become another new aquaculture species with a potential for large-scale farming in the South China Sea and a good market prospects. In this study, by adopting the ecology experimental methods, the effects of seawater temperatures, salinities, pH, and microalgae densities on the clearance rates of M. lyrata were investigated, which are expected to provide insight on culturing capacity, feeding behavior and energy of M. lyrata and references for healthy culturing and extension of M. lyrata.The results showed that the clearance rates of M. lyrata (P＜0.01) at three sizes were significantly affected by varied temperature (13～33℃), salinity (13～33), pH (7～9), and diet density(2.5×10⁴～10×10⁴ cell/ml). The maximum clearance rates of the large, medium, and small sized M. lyrata were 1.06, 1.78 and 2.42 L/g·h at 28℃respectively, 0.35, 0.65 and 1.05 L/g·h at salinity 23, 1.26, 1.67 and 2.02 L/g·h at pH 8,1.29, 2.07 and 2.29 L/g·h at microalgae density of 10×10⁴ cell/ml.These results indicate that the optimum feeding environmental conditions were: temperature 28℃, salinity 23, pH 8 and microalgae density 10×10⁴ cell/ml. These results indicate that the sensitivity of the large, medium and small sized M. lyrata to temperature, salinity, pH or microalgae density appeared in the following order: large size＜medium size＜small size.In addition, medium and small sized individuals had frequent feeding activity and stronggrowth vitality.