高位虾池养殖后期浮游微藻群落结构特征

Study on microalgae community structure and its relationship with environment factors in the shrimp ponds during the later phases of culture period

中文关键词: 对虾养殖  高位池  浮游微藻  优势种  多样性

英文关键词: Prawn culture  High-level pond  Microalgae  Dominant species  Diversity

中文摘要:

      2008年7月1～15日，在广东省红海湾对虾养殖区域选取3口养殖84～98 d的高位池，对养殖水体浮游微藻和常规水质因子进行每天1次采样分析。共检出浮游微藻6门25种，其中绿藻10种，硅藻两种，甲藻7种，裸藻4种，蓝藻1种，金藻1种。浮游微藻细胞数量介于5.13×108~4.01×109 ind/L，生物量为42.92~181.73 mg/L，数量多样性指数平均为1.01~1.30，生物量多样性指数平均为1.83~2.27。优势种主要是蛋白核小球藻和绿色颤藻，二者的优势度之和高达90%，控制着浮游微藻总数量的变动趋势。从各门藻类生物量对总生物量贡献多少来看，对虾高位池养殖后期是以蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为优势类群而组成的浮游微藻群落结构。

英文摘要:

      Investigations were conducted on the microalgae community in high-level prawn ponds of Litopenaeus annamei. A total of 26 microalgae species were identified during the period of investigation. Of these, 10 species were Chlorophyta, 7 were Pyrrophyta, 4 were Euglenophyta, 2 each were Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta, and 1 was Chrysophyceae. In high-level prawn ponds, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Oscillatoria chlorine were the dominant species in the later phases of the culture period, contributing more than 90% of the total microalgae. The number of microalgae was in the range of 5.13×108~4.01×109 ind/L, biomass 42.92~181.73 mg/L. The averages of Shannon-Wiener index and biomass diversity index were 1.01~1.30 and 1.83~2.27, respectively. The three dominant groups of phytoplankton (Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta) consisted of phytoplankton community structure in the final culture phases.