菲律宾蛤仔反季节高效生态养殖池中浮游植物生态特征研究

Study on the Ecological Characteristics of Phytoplankton in a anti-season high efficient and ecological short neck clam (Ruditapes philiPpinarum) culture pond

中文关键词: 菲律宾蛤仔  反季节养殖  浮游植物  种类组成  多样性

英文关键词: Ruditapes philiPpinarum  anti-season farming  phytoplakton  species composition  diversity

中文摘要:

      于2007～2008年在莆田后海围垦区进行菲律宾蛤仔反季节高滩位高效生态养殖，收获的菲律宾蛤仔平均规格115 粒/kg，平均产量6247.5 kg/ha，较传统养殖模式提高效益28 %。藻类池与养殖池浮游植物有34种，优势种主要有中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、反曲原甲藻（Prorocentrum sigmoides）、利马原甲藻（Prorocentrum lima）、新月拟菱形藻（Nitzschiella closterium）、海洋原甲藻（Prorocentrum micans）。中肋骨条藻在不同的份中均为最主要的优势种。不同月份各池浮游植物细胞丰度的变化范围为（0.02～190）×104 cells/L。2007年11月与2008年3月浮游植物细胞丰度较高，2008年1、2月藻类细胞丰度相对较低。通过对池中水温、透明度、无机氮、无机磷、DO、浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度的分析，说明菲律宾蛤仔池大量施肥已很大程度影响了浮游植物的种类组成与细胞丰度。养殖过程中浮游植物生物多样性较好、均匀度较低，优势度高，菲律宾蛤仔适口饵料中肋骨条藻等优势种类大量繁殖，有利于提高菲律宾蛤仔的产量。

英文摘要:

      The Ruditapes philippinarum high efficient eco-culture in the high area of dam inning zone of Putian city of Fujian province was studied for the period 2007 to 2008.The average size of Ruditapes philippinarum was 115 individuals per kilogram，the grain yield was 6247.5 kilograms per hectare.It can increase 28 % economic efficiency than traditional culture pattern. The results showed that the phytoplankton community was mainly composed of 34 species.The most dominant species were Skeletonema costatum，Prorocentrum sigmoides，Prorocentrum lima，Nitzschiella closterium，Prorocentrum micans. It dominated by Skeletonema costatum.The overwhelming dominance of this species lasted for more than five months.The cells abundance were between 0.02×104 cells/L and 190×104 cells/L in the different months. High cells abundance of phyplankton occurred in Nov. 2007 and Mar. 2008. Low cells abundance of phyplankton occurred in Jan. and Feb. 2008. The temperature，transparency，inorganic nitrogen，inorganic phosphorus，dissolved oxygen，chemical oxygen demand，species diversity values and evenness index of phytoplanktons were used to analyze the characteristics of community structure of phytoplanktons in the investigation area.Long term artificial fertilizing in eutrophic aquatic ecosystem had effected the phytoplankton species composition， it led to the elevation of the species diversity values and the decline of evenness of phyplankton. The dominant species were remarkable.Only few dominant species，such as Skeletonema costatum which was favourable diet for Ruditapes philippinarum increased rapidly.It was helpful to increase the yield of Ruditapes philiPpinarum.