黄海中南部主要鱼种的生态位分析

Analysis of Main Species of Ecological Niche in the central and southern Yellow Sea

中文关键词: 黄海中南部  时空生态位宽度  时空生态位重叠  相对重要指数(IRI)

英文关键词: the central and southern, Yellow Sea, spatio-temporal niche width, spatio-temporal niche overlap, Index of Relative Importance (IRI)

中文摘要:

      本文根据2006年黄海中南部四个季度月（1月、4月、8月、10月）的渔业资源调查资料，运用定性、定量的方法分析黄海中南部鱼类群落的种类组成、时空生态位宽度、时空生态位重叠以及优势种的季节变化，以期对该海域主要鱼种的生态位特征进行分析。结果表明，四个航次总共有鱼类57种，其中冬季39种，春季42种，夏季31种，秋季40种，四个航次共有相同鱼种22种，隶属于14科20属。时空生态位宽度值大于1的10个鱼种从大到小依次为黄鮟鱇（Lophius litulon）、小黄鱼（Pseudosciaena pohyactis）、银鲳（Pampus argenteus）、七星底灯鱼（Myctophum pterotum）、小带鱼（Trichiurus muticus）、虻鮋（Erisphex pottii）、细纹狮子鱼（Liparis tanakae）、星康吉鳗（Conger myriaster）、白姑鱼（Argyrosomus argentatus）、带鱼（Trichiurus japonicus）。这10种主要鱼类的生物量变动在黄海中南部受季节变化的影响是递增的。细纹狮子鱼与星康吉鳗的时空生态位重叠值最大，小带鱼与星康吉鳗的时空生态位重叠值最小。生态位宽度与相对重要性指数(IRI)相比，时空生态位宽度值最大的是黄鮟鱇，而IRI值最大的是鳀鱼，通过二者计算所得到主要鱼种在群落中的重要性排序不同。作者认为生态位宽度与相对重要性指数(IRI)相比，能够更加全面的反映鱼类生物量在不同时间和空间尺度上的均匀度和变化情况。

英文摘要:

      Based on the data collected from the central and southern Yellow Sea in 2006, the fish community composition, spatio-temporal niche width, spatio-temporal niche overlap and the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods. Results showed that there were 57 species in total in four seasons, of which 39 species were caught in winter, spring 42, summer 31 and autumn 40 species. There were 22 common species appearing in each reason, which belonged to 14 families and 20 genera. The value of temporal-spatial niche breadth was higher than one, followed by descending order of 10 species which were Lophius litulon, Pseudosciaena pohyactis, Stromateoides argenieus, Myctophum pterotum, Trichiurus muticus, Erisphex pottii, Liparis tanakae, Astroconger myriaster, Argyrosomus argentatus and Trichiurus haumela. The biomass of 10 species was increased by season changing in the central and southern Yellow Sea. The spatio-temporal niche overlap value was highest between L. tanakae and Conger myriaster and lowest between Trichiurus japonicus and C. myriaster. Lophius litulon was found to have the maximum value of spatio-temporal niche width, whereas Engraulis japonicus had the maximum value of IRI. Therefore the ranking of importance of main species in the community was different. Compared with the IRI, the spatio-temporal niche width can reflect the evenness of fish biomass at different time and space and reflect the changes of fish community in more detail.