魁蚶4个地理群体遗传结构的RAPD分析

RAPD analysis of genetic variations in four geographical populations of Scapharea broughtonii

中文关键词: 魁蚶  遗传多样性  RAPD

英文关键词: Scapharca broughtonii  Genetic diversity  RAPD

中文摘要:

      应用RAPD标记技术对魁蚶 Scapharca broughtonii 1个韩国群体与3个中国群体的遗传多样性进行RAPD分析。对4个群体的133个个体进行扩增，共检测到171个位点。其中，多态性位点为167个，4个群体的多态性位点比例：韩国群体为86.55%、黄岛群体为90.06%、蓬莱群体为8596%和前三岛群体为8947%；4个群体的Shannon’s多样性指数为（0.460±0.232）～（0.491±0.214），Nei’s多样性指数为（0.308±0.171）～（0.331±0.199），表明4个群体遗传多态性较高；4个群体遗传分化指数在0.006～0.121之间。其中，韩国与中国的3个群体分化明显，说明韩国与中国3个群体的遗传结构差异较大，黄岛群体与前三岛群体间的遗传分化最小。基于4个群体Nei’s遗传距离的UPGMA方法进行聚类分析显示，黄岛群体与前三岛群体最先聚类，两群体间距离最短，再与蓬莱群体聚类，最后与韩国群体聚类。这些数据可为魁蚶种质资源的合理开发和保护及遗传改良提供科学依据。

英文摘要:

      RAPD technology was used to analyze the genetic variations and genetic structure in four geographical populations of Scapharea broughtonii in Korea and China. 171 loci were detected in the four populations through 25 random primers, and 167 of these loci were polymorphic. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of the four populations was rich. The Shannon's index ranged from 0.460±0.232 to 0.491±0.214, and the Nei's genetic diversity index ranged from 0.308±0.171 to 0.331±0.199. Gst values showed that there are significant genetic differentiation between Korean population and the three Chinese populations. The UPGMA dendrogram of four S. broughtonii populations based on Nei's (1972) genetic distance showed that Huangdao and Qiansandao populations clustered first, then clustered with the Penglai population, before further clustered with the Korean population. The UPGMA dendrogram gave a clear division between the Korean and Chinese populations. The information of the genetic variation and differentiation among four S. broughtonii geographical populations can be useful for conservation of S. broughtonii stocks and future genetic improvement by selective breeding.