南海北部陆架区虾蛄类的种类组成和数量分布

Composition and distribution of Squilla in the continental shelf waters of northern South China Sea

中文关键词: 虾蛄类  种类组成  生态类群 生物量分布  南海北部陆架区

英文关键词: Squilla  Species composition Ecological group  Biomass distribution  South China Sea

中文摘要:

      根据2006-2007年南海北部陆架区4个季节的调查资料，分析该海区虾蛄类的种类组成和数量分布。结果表明，虾蛄类有15种，隶属于4科7属。虾蛄类可以分为3种生态类群：热带生态类群、热带亚热带生态类群和广温性生态类群，并以热带亚热带类群为主。依据Pinkas等（1971）提出的相对重要性指数IRI判定，优势种为口虾蛄Oratosquilla oratoria、黑斑口虾蛄Oratosquilla kempi、猛虾姑Harpiosquilla harpax、长叉口虾蛄Oratosquilla nepa、棘突猛虾姑Harpiosquilla raphidea，它们属于虾蛄科和猛虾蛄科，其渔获率（1.86 kg/h）占虾蛄类渔获率（1.90 kg/h）的98.17%。经济虾蛄类为口虾蛄、黑斑口虾蛄、猛虾姑、长叉口虾蛄和装饰口虾蛄Oratosquilla ornata，它们属于虾蛄科和猛虾蛄科，其渔获率（1.84 kg/h）占虾蛄类渔获率（1.90 kg/h）的96.85%。虾蛄类平均生物量为42.18 kg/km2，经济虾蛄类平均生物量为40.85 kg/km2。虾蛄类的区域生物量分布：B断面最高（76.27 kg/km2），A断面最低（25.13 kg/km2）；虾蛄类生物量的季节变化：秋季最高(49.24 kg/km2)，冬季最低(32.29 kg/km2)。虾蛄类的生物量分布与水深成负相关，密集分布于10-40 m深的水域，尤以10 m水深附近最多，达173.40 kg/km2，10 m水深附近分布种类全属于经济种类。

英文摘要:

      Based on the data of four seasons fishery resources investigations in the continental shelf of northern South China Sea from 2006 to 2007, the composition and distribution of Squilla species were analyzed. The results showed there were 15 species belonging to 4 families and 7 genuses in the area. Based on their adaptability habitats, all species of Squilla were categorized into three ecological groups: tropical group, tropical semitropical group and eurythermic group, and most of them belonged to tropical semitropical group. The dominant species were Oratosquilla oratoria, O. kempi，Harpiosquilla harpax，O. nepa and H. raphideaccording to Pinkas IRI deternination. These species belonged to Squillidae and Harpiosquillidae, and their catch rate (1.86 kg/h) was around 98.17% of total catch rate (1.90 kg/h). The economic Squilla species were O. oratoria, O. kempi, H. harpax, O. nepa and O. ornata, which also belonged to Squillidae and Harpiosquillidae, and their catch rate (1.84 kg/h) was around 96.85% of total catch rate (1.90 kg/h). The average biomass of Squilla species was 42.18 kg/km2, while the average biomass of economic Squilla was 40.85 kg/km2.The temporal distributions of Squilla showed a highest biomass in transect B (76.27 kg/km2)and a lowest biomass in transect A (25.13 kg/km2); while the seasonal distribution of Squilla biomass showed a highest value in the autumn (49.24 kg/km2) and a lowest value in the winter (32.29 kg/km2). The distribution trends of Squilla biomass showed an approximately negative correlation with water depths, and they were mostly found at depths of 10~40 m and the highest value (173.40 kg/km2)was found at a depth of around 10 m; all species of Squilla belonged to economic species in the water area at about 10 m depth.