黄海绿潮（浒苔）暴发区温盐、溶解氧和营养盐的分布特征及其与绿潮发生的关系

Distribution of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients and their relationships with green tide in Enteromorpha prolifera outbreak area of the Yellow Sea

中文关键词: 浒苔  绿潮  溶解氧  营养盐  黄海

英文关键词: Enteromorpha prolifera  Green tide  Dissolved oxygen  Nutrients  Yellow Sea

中文摘要:

      根据2008年7月9～14日对黄海绿潮暴发区生态环境要素的调查数据，重点研究了调查海域温盐、溶解氧和营养盐的分布特征及其与绿潮发生的关系。结果表明，溶解氧的平均值为9.22 mg/L，整体处于过饱和状态，呈北高南低，西高东低的分布趋势。溶解无机氮的平均值为9.07 μmol/L，呈现出南高北低，苏北沿岸向离岸方向逐渐降低的趋势；活性磷酸盐的平均值为0.19 μmol/L，呈现出东高西低，自外海向海洲湾方向递减的趋势。在调查海域的东部出现营养盐高值区。通过分析温度、盐度、溶解氧、营养盐与绿潮发生的关系发现，温度、盐度和溶解氧均处于浒苔藻体生长和孢子释放的适应范围内。大面积浒苔聚集区的表层海水DIN和PO34-P的平均含量分别为14.89和0.27 μmol/L，营养盐含量要明显高于调查海域其他海区营养盐的含量，表明充足的营养盐是绿潮发生的物质基础。同时调查海区表层、10 m层和底层N/P（摩尔比）比值的平均值分别为702、194和411，均远大于Redfield值，由此可见，该调查水域主要受到磷的潜在限制。

英文摘要:

      Based on the survey data in Enteromorpha prolifera outbreak area of the Yellow Sea during July 9-14,2008, distribution patterns of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients and their relationships with green tide were studied. The results showed that DO was oversaturated for nearly all the stations, averaged 9.22 mg/L. Generally, DO showed lower values in southern area and higher values in northern area, lower in eastern area and higher in western area. Average concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was 9.07 mol/L. The DIN values in northern area were lower than in southern area, and that in offshore area were lower than in northern Jiangsu coastal area. Average concentration of phosphate was 0.19 mol/L, with a decreasing trend from the east to the west and from the open sea to the Haizhou Bay. The higher nutrient values were found in the eastern survey area. It was observed that temperature, salinity, DO, nutrient values were suitable for the growth and spore release of E.prolifera. In a large accumulation area of E.prolifera, the average concentrations of DIN (14.89 mol/L) and phosphate (0.27 mol/L) were higher than the other areas. It was indicated that adequate nutrients were the material base for green tide. Meanwhile, the average N/P ratios at the surface layer, ten meters layer and bottom layer were 702, 194 and 411, respectively, higher than the Redfield value. Most investigated waters were subjected to potential phosphorus limitation.