生物安保保障水产养殖绿色高质量发展：回顾与展望

Ensuring the sustainable and high-quality development of aquaculture through biosecurity: A review and prospects

关键词:  生物安保  水产养殖  疫病防控  绿色发展

Key words:  Biosecurity  Aquaculture  Prevention and control of epidemics  Sustainable development

摘要:

本文综述了生物安保在水产养殖业中的重要性及其对推动产业绿色高质量发展的作用。生物安保作为一种基于风险分析的战略性综合方法，其核心目标在于防控疫病风险，保障行业健康和可持续发展。文章首先阐述了生物安保的概念和发展历史，讨论了这一概念与生物安全、疫病防控和健康养殖、动物卫生等概念的联系与差别，并提出生物安保、动物卫福和生态干预构成动物卫生三要素，探讨了生物安保体系构建的六大要素和生物安保计划的实施流程。随后，概述了生物安保概念所涉及的关键科学技术问题，介绍了国内外相关科技和政策领域的研究发展现状。接下来，文章讨论了全球和区域性组织在推动水产养殖生物安保战略中的作用，以及不同国家和地区在水产养殖生物安保法规体系构建方面的实践，特别介绍了联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)和世界动物卫生组织(WOAH)等国际组织重视运用生物安保理念来推动水产养殖的可持续发展。文章进一步讨论了水产养殖企业生物安保分级及其技术内容，以无特定病原(SPF)虾苗培育为例介绍了国外企业生物安保的发展，描述了水产养殖企业生物安保体系构建方法和在对虾育苗场的实践。最后，文章重点指出了中国在水产养殖生物安保方面的挑战和机遇，展望了生物安保战略的发展方向，包括构建国家生物安保中长期发展战略的路线图、强化生物安保相关的研究与教育普及，优先发展种业生物安保，构建高标准生物安保水平上的种业体系，以保障中国水产养殖业的绿色高质量发展。

Abstract:

This article reviews the importance of biosecurity in aquaculture and its role in promoting sustainable and high-quality development. As a strategic and comprehensive method based on risk analysis, the core objective of biosecurity is to prevent and control disease risks, which ensures the health and sustainable development of the industry. This article elaborates on the concept and historical development of biosecurity, distinguishing it from biosafety, disease prevention, aquaculture, and animal health while exploring the connections and differences between these concepts. The authors proposed that animal health needs three approaches, including biosecurity, animal welfare, and ecological intervention. Six elements for constructing a biosecurity system and implementing the biosecurity plan are identified. Subsequently, the article outlines the key scientific and technological issues involved in the biosecurity framework and introduces the current state of research and development in the fields of science, technology, and policy, both internationally and domestically. Furthermore, this article discusses the role of global and regional organizations in promoting aquaculture biosecurity strategies and the practices of different countries and regions in constructing aquaculture biosecurity regulatory systems. In particular, it introduces how international organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) emphasize the application of the biosecurity concept to promote the sustainable development of aquaculture. This article also discusses the evaluation of biosecurity in aquaculture enterprises and its technical content. Using the cultivation of specific pathogen-free (SPF) shrimp seedlings as an example, this article introduces the development of biosecurity in international enterprises and the practices employed by the authors in shrimp hatcheries. Finally, this article highlights the challenges and opportunities for China in the field of aquaculture biosecurity and discusses the future direction of biosecurity strategies. This includes constructing a roadmap for the long-term development strategy of the national biosecurity plan; strengthening research, education, and awareness of biosecurity; prioritizing the development of biosecurity for the aquatic seed industry; and building an aquatic seed industry system with a high standard of biosecurity to ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of aquaculture industry in China.