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贻贝肽对厚壳贻贝稚贝生长发育及微生物群落结构的影响
林倩,李政,杨金龙,马蕃,梁箫
1.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院 科技部海洋生物科学国际联合研究中心 上海 201306;2.上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心 上海 201306;3.中国-葡萄牙星海“一带一路”联合实验室 上海 200120;4.中国-葡萄牙星海“一带一路”联合实验室 上海 200121;5.中国-葡萄牙星海“一带一路”联合实验室 上海 200122;6.中国-葡萄牙星海“一带一路”联合实验室 上海 200123
摘要:
为探究海洋生物活性肽对厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)生长发育的影响,本研究以厚壳贻贝稚贝为实验对象,通过投喂不同浓度的贻贝肽(0、7、9、10、70和90 mg/L),测定壳长、壳高、湿重等指标,以确定最适贻贝肽浓度,并对投喂前后的稚贝微生物群落进行分析,实验周期为56 d。结果显示,相较于未投喂贻贝肽的对照组,投喂9 mg/L的贻贝肽显著促进稚贝生长,且壳长、壳高和湿重分别提升了27.37%、32.35%和115.49%;同时发现,高浓度贻贝肽(70 mg/L和90 mg/L)对厚壳贻贝稚贝产生了致死效应。通过16S rRNA基因扩增和测序对比分析了28 d和56 d贻贝肽投喂组与未投喂组的厚壳贻贝稚贝微生物组群落结构变化。研究结果显示,投喂9 mg/L贻贝肽改变了稚贝微生物群落结构组成,提高了拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的丰度,降低了放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)的丰度;同时,属水平分析发现,贻贝肽投喂组有效增加了鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria)、黏着杆菌属(Tenacibaculum)、居海杆菌属(Maribacter)、栖砂杆菌属(Arenibacter)、十八碳杆菌属(Octadecabacter)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)等有益菌的物种丰度,显著减少了红球菌属(Rhodococcus)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)等潜在致病菌的丰度。综上,贻贝肽能有效促进厚壳贻贝的稚贝生长发育,并且可以优化厚壳贻贝微生物群落结构,研究成果将为后续开展贻贝肽等海洋生物活性肽对贝类稚贝中间培育以及海水贝类养殖可持续发展提供基础和数据支撑。
关键词:  厚壳贻贝  生长  微生物  群落结构  贻贝肽
DOI:10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20231216001
分类号:
基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2401902; 2023YFE0115500; 2022YFE0204600)资助
Effects of mussel peptides on growth and development and microbial community structure of the thick-shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus plantigrade
LIN Qian1,2,3, LI Zheng1,2,3, YANG Jinlong4,5, MA Fan6,5, LIANG Xiao7,5
1.International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai 201306, China;3.China-Portugal Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Space and Sea Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 200120, China;4.International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201307, China;5.Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds andࣇ⭀Ԓ㕐ࣇⲀԒ㘠ࣇⷀԒ㨰ࣇ⼀Ԓ䣐ࣇ㌐Ԓ䩰ࣇ㑐Ԓ䭀ࣇ㖐Ԓ䰐ࣇ嶠Ᾰ䳠ࣇ廠Ᾰ䶰ࣇ慠Ᾰ⨰ࣈ⢘ԒⶰࣈᲐԒ⺐ࣈ᷸Ԓ⽰ࣈ⃈Ԓぐࣈ∰Ԓ侠ࣉ抠Ᾰ偰ࣉ攠Ᾰ兀ࣉ晠Ᾰ嘠ࣉ揠Ᾰ奠ࣉ꺰Ԓ擀ࣉ꿰Ԓ礐ࣉὠԒna;6.International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201308, China;7.International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201309, China
Abstract:
The thick-shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus belongs to Mollusca, Lanellibranchia, Anisomyaria, Mytilidae, and Mytilus. Due to its flavor and nutritional and high economic values, M. coruscus is a common commercial shellfish in the coastal area of Zhejiang and Fujian in China, and is an important cultured mussel species in China. With the increasing development of coastal areas and the changing habitat conditions, aquaculture industry of M. coruscus is facing problems such as slow growth of juvenile mussels, low meat production rate, and individual miniaturization of adult mussels, which affects the sustainable development of the mussel industry and economic income. Conversely, prebiotics are commonly used exogenous additives in aquaculture. Prebiotics help the organism to absorb nutrients by changing the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract and regulating the composition of the microbial community. They can promote the growth and development of aquatic organisms, enhance resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and improve the absorption and utilization rate of feed to increase the output of aquatic products. As a protein hydrolysate, mussel peptide is also a probiotic element with high nutritional value and multiple functions such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immune enhancement. In particular, low molecular weight mussel peptide has the function of anti-lipid peroxidation protective activity and scavenging of excess free radicals, which can be used as a natural antimicrobial food additive. In aquaculture, mussel peptides are considered to be natural active ingredients for treating infectious diseases in marine species. Till date, the relationship between mussel peptides and the growth and development of the thick-shelled mussel M. coruscus remains unclear. Therefore, the optimal concentration of mussel peptide for the potential application of mussel peptides in the M. coruscus aquaculture industry must be determined. In this study, we focused on the effects of mussel peptides on the growth and development of the thick-shelled mussel M. coruscus and on the structural composition of microbial communities. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for green and efficient aquaculture of the thick-shelled mussel M. coruscus. Here, the thick-shell mussel plantigrades used in the experiment were provided by Donghai Mussel Technology Innovation Service Co., LTD., Shengsi County, Zhejiang Province, China. It was used in the experiment after 1 week of temporary cultivation at 18 ℃ and a salinity of 30. Before the bioassays, these mussel plantigrades were cultured in the lab at 18 ℃ and 30 for 7 d. Five feeding treatment groups and one non-feeding control group were set up in the experiment. The treatment groups were fed mussel peptides at concentrations of 7, 9, 10, 70 and 90 mg/L, and each group was set up with three replicates. On days 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56; 50 plantigrades were randomly selected from different treatment groups for growth measurement including shell length, shell height, and wet body weight. In addition, samples of plantigrades from different treatment groups were collected on days 28 and 56 to analyze the change in microbial communities before and after feeding. The results showed that, compared with the control group, feeding 9 mg/L of mussel peptides could significantly promote plantigrade growth and the shell length, shell height, and wet body weight were increased by 27.37%, 32.35%, and 115.49%, respectively. However, the mussel peptide concentration was too high (70 mg/L and 90 mg/L), which could cause lethal effects on the thick-shelled mussel M. coruscus plantigrades. The microbiome of the thick-shelled mussel plantigrades in the 28-day and 56-day treatment and control groups was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. The results of the study showed that feeding 9 mg/L mussel peptides could alter the structural composition of the thick-shelled mussel plantigrade microbial community, such as increase in the abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria, and decrease in the abundance of Actinobacteriota. Simultaneously, an increase was observed in the diversity of beneficial bacteria such as Ruegeria, Tenacibaculum, Maribacter, Arenibacter, Octadecabacter, and Shewanella and reduction in the potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Rhodococcus and Aeromonas. Therefore, the appropriate amount of mussel peptides is useful for promoting the growth and development of the thick-shelled mussel M. coruscus plantigrades and optimizing their microbial community structure. In summary, mussel peptides have potential prebiotic functions and have the advantage of easy absorption of small molecules. By changing and adjusting the structure composition of the microbial community, mussel peptides increase the relative abundance of probiotics and reduce the relative abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria in the mussel microbial community of thick-shell mussel plantigrades, and promotes the growth and development of thick-shell mussel plantigrades. The current findings provide a basis and data support for the subsequent cultivation of marine bioactive peptides such as mussel peptides for enhancing shellfish juvenile aquaculture and the sustainable development of marine shellfish aquaculture.
Key words:  Mytilus coruscus  Growth  Microbe  Community composition  Mussel peptide