皇竹草粉对草鱼幼鱼生长、抗氧化反应和肠道健康的影响

Effects of Pennisetum sinese Roxb Meal on Growth, Antioxidant Response, and Intestinal Health of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

关键词:  草鱼  皇竹草  生长性能  肠道发育  肠炎

Key words:  Grass carp  Pennisetum sinese Roxb  Growth performance  Intestinal development  Enteritis

摘要:

为评估皇竹草(Pennisetum sinese Roxb)粉对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼生长、抗氧化和肠道健康的影响，配制3组分别含0% (对照组C)、10%和20%皇竹草粉(P1和P2)的等氮等能半精制饲料(蛋白质水平为36%，脂肪水平为9%)，饲喂草鱼稚鱼[(28.51±0.04) g] 56 d。结果显示，相比C组，P1和P2组显著提高了草鱼幼鱼的增重率和成活率(P<0.05)；P2组草鱼血清丙二醛(MDA)含量比C组草鱼显著降低(P<0.05)；P1和P2组草鱼血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性比C组草鱼显著降低(P<0.05)；P1和P2组的草鱼血清中补体C3和C4的含量显著提高(P<0.05)；同时，这2组肝脏的3-羟酰辅酶A脱氢酶(HOAD)和细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)的活性也显著高于C组(P<0.05)；肠道显微结构显示，P1和P2组显著提高了草鱼幼鱼肠道的绒毛高度和皱褶深度，降低了肌层厚度(P<0.05)；基因表达层面，相比C组，P1和P2组下调了肠道促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α (tnf-α)和白细胞介素1β (il-1β)的基因相对表达量。综上所述，饲料中添加一定量的皇竹草粉能增强草鱼幼鱼的生长，降低体内氧化应激和肠道炎症。

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Pennisetum sinese Roxb meal on the growth, antioxidant response, and intestinal health of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semi-purified diets containing 0% (control group C), 10%, and 20% P. sinese Roxb meal (P1 and P2) were designed (protein level 36%, fat level 9%) and fed to juvenile grass carp (28.51±0.04) g for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate and survival rate of fish in the P1 and P2 groups were significantly higher than those in the C group (P<0.05). Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the P2 group were significantly lower than those in the C group (P<0.05). The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of the P1 and P2 groups were significantly lower than those of the C group (P<0.05). Fish in the P1 and P2 groups significantly increased their complement of C3 and C4 contents in the serum compared to those in the C group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, these two groups also showed increased hepatic 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase activities (P<0.05). The intestinal microstructure showed that the intestinal villus height and fold depth in the P1 and P2 groups were significantly increased compared with those in the C group, but the thickness of the muscle layer was reduced (P<0.05). In terms of transcripts, the relative gene expression of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) and interleukin 1β (il-1β) were significantly down-regulated in the P1 and P2 groups compared with those in the C group. In conclusion, our data showed that 10% and 20% Pennisetum sinese Roxb meal dietary supplementation could enhance the growth, reduce the oxidative response, and improve the health status of the intestine in juvenile grass carp.