不同管理方式对参池颗粒物质沉降作用及沉积物的影响

Influence of different management methods on the sedimentation of particulate matter and sediment in sea cucumber ponds

关键词:  仿刺参  颗粒沉降量  水平分布  养水机

Key words:  Apostichopus japonicus  Sedimentary  Horizontal distribution  Water quality regulator

摘要:

为探究不同管理方式对刺参养殖池塘(简称参池)沉降颗粒物及相关底泥、水体指标的影响，分别测定9口参池(分为养水机、自然纳潮、微孔曝气3组参池，每组3个重复)颗粒物质在四季的平均沉降量和水平空间分布情况，底泥有机质含量和弧菌(Vibrio)总数，水体营养盐含量、浮游植物生物量和净初级生产力。结果显示，自然纳潮和微孔曝气池塘颗粒物质平均沉降量的季节、水平分布均无显著差异(P>0.05)；养水机池塘颗粒物质平均沉降量在夏季为(30.33±2.46) g/(m2∙d)，极显著高于另外2组参池(P<0.01)，在冬季为(7.49±1.17) g/(m2∙d)，显著低于另外2组参池(P<0.05)；在水平分布上，养水机池塘沉降颗粒物的分布较另外2组参池更均匀；在相同季节，养水机池塘底泥有机质含量和弧菌总数均处于3组参池的最低水平，微孔曝气池塘总体次之，自然纳潮池塘总体最高；3组参池的水体营养盐含量接近，而养水机池塘浮游植物生物量、净初级生产力均处于3组参池中最高水平，微孔曝气池塘总体次之，自然纳潮池塘总体最低。本研究表明，传统海参养殖在自然纳潮换水管理基础上，辅助适宜设备能够影响颗粒物质的沉降规律，加快参池底泥–水体之间营养物质交换，改善水底养殖环境。

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different management methods on the sedimentation of particulate matter, related sediments, and water quality indicators in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) ponds. Nine sea cucumber culture ponds (divided into three groups: water quality regulator, natural tide, and microporous aeration) were used. The average sedimentary and horizontal distribution characteristics of particulate matter were measured in spring, summer, autumn and winter as well as the organic matter content of the mud, total number of Vibrio, nutrient concentrations in the water, phytoplankton biomass, and net primary productivity were analyzed. The results showed no significant difference in the seasonal and horizontal distribution of the average sediment concentrations between natural tide ponds and microporous aeration ponds. The average sediment concentrations in the water quality regulator ponds was (30.33±2.46) g/(m2∙d) in summer, which was significantly higher than in the other two types of ponds, while in winter it was (7.49±1.17) g/(m2∙d) and was significantly lower than in the other two types of ponds (P<0.05). The horizontal distribution characteristics of the average sediment concentrations in the water quality regulator ponds were more than those of the other two groups of ponds. During the same season, the organic matter content, and the total number of Vibrio in the water quality regulator pond sediment were at the lowest level among the three groups, with the microporous aeration ponds being the second lowest, and the natural tide ponds being the highest. The results of this study show that traditional sea cucumber farming is based on the management of natural tides and auxiliary suitable equipment can affect the sedimentation rate of particulate matter, accelerate the exchange of nutrients between the bottom sediment and the water of the sea cucumber ponds, and improve the water and bottom sediment environment.