不同季节刺参养殖池塘水体菌群结构与功能特征研究

The seasonal structural and functional characteristics of bacterial community in Apostichopus japonicus culture pond water

关键词:  刺参  养殖池塘水体  菌群  高通量测序

Key words:  Apostichopus japonicus  Culture pond water  Bacterial community  High-throughput sequencing

摘要:

为解析不同季节刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘水体菌群结构与功能特征，本研究选取中国北方典型岸基半开放刺参养殖池塘为研究对象，利用高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段，分别构建了辽宁长海刺参养殖池塘四季水体菌群16S rRNA基因测序文库。结果显示，辽宁长海刺参养殖池塘水体菌群丰度和多样性以夏季最高，秋季最低。不同季节第一优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)，次优势菌门为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。春、夏、冬季特异性菌门分别隶属于疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)；秋季与其他季节相比，无显著性差异菌门(P>0.05)。基于COGs数据库预测，水体菌群24种功能蛋白存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。其中，春、冬季均表现为功能蛋白显著上调，主要表现在能量生产与转换、核苷酸运输与代谢、碳水化合物运输与代谢、次生代谢物的生物合成、运输与分解代谢、细胞壁/膜/包膜生物发生、细胞的能动性、转录和复制等方面；夏季水体菌群在碳水化合物运输和代谢功能、翻译、核糖体结构、生物发生功能、细胞壁/膜/包膜生物方面的功能蛋白显著性下调；秋季水体菌群在细胞周期控制、细胞分裂、染色体分裂、细胞骨架、次生代谢物的生物合成、转运和分解功能蛋白显著下调，细胞外结构功能蛋白显著上调。研究表明，刺参养殖池塘水体菌群种类及丰度存在季节性差异，秋季与其他季节相比，共有菌群种类较少，相似性较低；而水体菌群结构的季节性演替则依赖于其功能的变化。研究结果以期为刺参养殖池塘水体微生态调控提供一定的理论依据。

Abstract:

To investigate the structure and function of the bacterial community in Apostichopus japonicus (sea cucumber) culture ponds in Changhai, North China, the bacterial community composition and diversity were seasonally analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the bacterial richness and diversity were the highest in the summer and the lowest in the autumn. In all seasons, the predominant phylum was Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes, but higher levels of other bacterial phyla were observed in the spring (Verrucomicrobia), summer (Actinobacteria), and winter (Firmicutes). There were no significant differences in the phyla of autumn with that of other seasons. Predictive functional profiling based on the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs) database (functional codes denoted by [X]) showed significant differences (P<0.05) in 24 aquatic bacterial community proteins. In spring and winter, the proteins for energy production and conversion; nucleotide transport and metabolism; carbohydrate transport and metabolism; secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism; cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis; cell motility; transcription; and replication, recombination, and repair were significantly upregulated. Proteins regulating carbohydrate transport and metabolism; translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis; and cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis were significantly downregulated in summer. In autumn, the proteins regulating cell cycle control, cell division, and chromosome partitioning; cytoskeleton; and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism were significantly downregulated, and the proteins for extracellular structures were upregulated. These results indicate that the richness and diversity of the bacterial community in the sea cucumber culture pond are the lowest in autumn and that seasonal changes in the community structure depend on the function. This study provides a theoretical basis for water microecology regulation and the prevention and control of A. japonicus diseases.