长江流域黄鳝中全氟化合物的残留特征及其来源探讨

Residual Characteristics and Source of Perfluorinated Compounds in Monopterus albus of the Yangtze River

关键词:  全氟化合物  黄鳝  残留特征  来源

Key words:  Perfluorinated compounds  Monopterus albus  Residue characteristics  Source

摘要:

为探究长江中上游养殖黄鳝(Monopterus albus)中全氟化合物(Perfluorinated compounds, PFCs)的残留特征和污染来源，调查研究了2015~2016年采自于湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、四川和重庆10个城市的150份黄鳝样品，同时，2016年在湖北省潜江市黄鳝养殖基地追踪了黄鳝养殖过程中的PFCs污染可能来源，并探究黄鳝中PFCs的来源。样品经提取，通过C18和碳黑(GCB)净化，利用超高效液相色谱–串联质谱联用分析了19种PFCs的含量，并对数据进行分析。结果显示，长江流域黄鳝中PFCs共8种物质残留，主要污染物是全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)；长江流域PFCs污染最严重的是湖北省黄鳝，其次是江西省黄鳝；PFOS在湖北省黄鳝中含量最高，为5.42 μg/kg，PFOA在四川省黄鳝中含量最高，为3.66 μg/kg；同时，对整个黄鳝养殖过程进行追踪，结合黄鳝的特殊养殖方式，发现黄鳝中PFCs污染主要来源于黄鳝养殖中摄食的蚯蚓以及所处的养殖环境，包括池塘水和土壤。

Abstract:

To explore the residual characteristics and sources of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in Monopterus albus within the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, 150 M. albus were collected from 10 cities in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, and Chongqing. The source of PFCs in the M. albus was investigated in 2016 in the eel breeding base of Qianjiang City, Hubei Province. The samples were extracted and purified using C18 and carbon black (GCB). The contents of 19 PFCs were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that there were 8 residual PFCs in the eels of the Yangtze River, and the main pollutants were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). PFCs in the Yangtze River basin were the most polluted in Hubei Province, followed by Jiangxi Province. The highest content of PFOS in Hubei was 5.42 μg/kg, and PFOA were the highest in Sichuan Province at 3.66 μg/kg. Meanwhile, in the entire farming process, combined with the special breeding methods of M. albus, we found that the pollution of PFCs in M. albus mainly originated from earthworm feeding and the breeding environment, including pond water and soil.