溴氰菊酯对4种海水养殖生物的毒性及其积累

The Acute Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Deltamethrin in Four Species of Mariculture Organisms

关键词:  溴氰菊酯  毒性  积累  海水养殖生物

Key words:  Deltamethrin  Toxicity  Bioaccumulation  Mariculture organisms

摘要:

以海水养殖的2种甲壳类动物(远海梭子蟹Portunus pelagicus、日本囊对虾Marsupenaeus japonicus)和2种双壳类动物(文蛤Meretrix meretrix、菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum)为材料，进行了溴氰菊酯对4种海水养殖生物的急性毒性及其积累实验研究。结果显示，4种海水养殖生物的死亡率与溴氰菊酯浓度及其暴露时间成显著正相关。溴氰菊酯对远海梭子蟹和日本囊对虾的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、96 h LC50分别为2.07×10–4、1.70×10–4、1.10×10–4 mg/L和7.32×10–4、3.90×10–4、1.43×10–4 mg/L，安全浓度分别为3.44×10–5 mg/L和3.32×10–5 mg/L；溴氰菊酯对文蛤和菲律宾蛤仔的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、96 h LC50分别为1.52、0.30、0.27 mg/L和0.67、0.11、0.06 mg/L，安全浓度分别为3.51×10–3 mg/L和9.50×10–4 mg/L。溴氰菊酯对远海梭子蟹、日本囊对虾的毒性明显大于文蛤和菲律宾蛤仔。文蛤和菲律宾蛤仔在溴氰菊酯平均浓度分别为0.86–0.05 mg/L和0.37– 0.03 mg/L的水体中暴露24–96 h时，其对溴氰菊酯的积累系数分别为2.57–12.40和3.03–27.85，文蛤和菲律宾蛤对溴氰菊酯的积累率与暴露时间成正相关，与暴露浓度成负相关。不同种类的海水养殖生物对溴氰菊酯的敏感性及其积累率存在显著差异。

Abstract:

The acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of deltamethrin was studied in four species of mariculture organisms including the crustaceans Portunus pelagicus and Marsupenaeus japonicus, and the bivalve Meretrix meretrix and Ruditapes philippinarum. The results indicated that there were significant positive correlations between the mortality rate of the mariculture organisms and the concentration and exposure time of deltamethrin. The LC50 values at 24 h, 48 h and 96 h for the crustacean P. pelagicus were 2.07×10-4, 1.70×10-4 and 1.10×10-4 mg/L respectively, and the values for M. japonicas were 7.32×10-4, 3.90×10-4 and 1.43×10-4 mg/L. The safe concentrations for these two species were 3.44×10-5 mg/L and 3.32×10-5 mg/L respectively. The LC50 values at the 3 time points for the bivalves M. meretrix were 1.52, 0.30 and 0.27 mg/L respectively, and for R. philippinarum they were 0.67, 0.11 and 0.06 mg/L respectively. The safe concentrations for these two species were 3.51× 10-3 mg/L and 9.50×10-4 mg/L respectively. Obviously the two crustacean species were more sensitive to deltamethrin than the bivalves. Next, the bivalves M. meretrix and R. philippinarum were exposed to the seawater containing deltamethrin at average concentrations of 0.86–0.05 mg/L and 0.37–0.03 mg/L respectively for 24–96 h, and we found that the accumulation coefficients of deltamethrin in these two species were 2.57–12.40 and 3.03–27.85 respectively. The accumulation rate of deltamethrin in the two bivalve species was positively corelated with the exposure time of deltamethrin, but negatively correlated with the concentration of deltamethrin. There were significant differences in sensitivity and accumulation rate of deltamethrin between different species of marine aquaculture organisms.