渤海石油平台污损生物生态研究

Ecological Research of Fouling Organisms on the Offshore Platform in Bohai Sea

关键词:  污损生物  群落结构  渤海

Key words:  Fouling organism  Community structure  Bohai Sea

摘要:

2013年9月-2014年9月在渤海海域进行了污损生物挂板试验，共记录污损生物24种，以温带种和广温种为主，优势种是多棘麦秆虫(Caprella acanthogaster)、日本大螯蜚(Grandidierella japonica)、理石叶钩虾(Jassa marmorata)、拟钩虾(Gammaropsis sp.)等。季板分析结果显示，表层季板的平均生物量为1764.23 g/m2，中层季板的平均生物量为2322.31 g/m2。试验海域全年均有污损生物附着，但种类和附着量季节性差异明显，污损生物附着盛期为夏季和秋季。污损生物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H¢)和Margalef丰富度指数(d )秋季最高。多元统计分析表明，污损生物群落按时间可分为3个群落类型，反映出渤海海域污损生物群落的季节变化明显。相关性分析显示，表层和中层试板污损生物的生物量与水温具有显著的相关性，相关系数分别为0.959和0.986 (P<0.01)。

Abstract:

Fouling organisms have caused great damages to offshore platforms in the sea. Some reports have discussed the impacts of fouling organisms on offshore platforms, however, little is known about the situation in the Bohai Sea. In this study, we investigated the species composition, structural characteristics, evolving rules, and factors of fouling organism attachment on offshore platforms in the Bohai Sea, by means of a series of artificial test panel experiments and multiple statistical analyses. The artificial test panel experiments in the Bohai Sea were conducted from September 2013 to September 2014, and we identified a total of 24 species the majority of which were temperate and eurythermal species. The dominant species were Caprella acanthogaster, Grandidierella japonica, Jassa marmorata and Gammaropsis sp. etc. The seasonal panel tests showed that the average biomass on the surface panels and the middle panels were 1764.23 g/m2 and 2322.31 g/m2 respectively. Settlements of fouling organisms occurred throughout the year particularly in summer and autumn，indicating an obvious seasonal variation in species and biomass. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and the Margalef Richness Index were at the highest level in autumn. The multivariate analysis showed that there were three types of fouling organism communities in chronological order, which implied an apparent seasonal variation of fouling organisms in the Bohai Sea. There was significant correlation between the water temperature and the biomass of fouling organisms on the surface and middle panels, and the correlation coefficient was 0.959 and 0.986 respectively (P<0.01). These results provided valuable information on anti-fouling designs for both the restoration of overly used offshore platforms and the construction of new platforms in the Bohai Sea. Moreover, our study could serve as important reference on the prevention and elimination of fouling organisms, and therefore could help reduce security risks of offshore platforms.