栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)催产方法及幼虫培养条件

tudies on the Spawning Inducement and the Conditions for the Larval Culture of Atrina pectinata

关键词:  栉江珧  催产  胚胎发育  幼虫培育  上浮粘连

Key words:  Atrina pectinate  Spawning inducement  Embryonic development  Larval culture  Adhesion

摘要:

为探究江珧亲贝的最佳催产方法及减少工厂化育苗过程中栉江珧幼虫上浮粘连现象，分别研究了不同催产方法对受精率和胚胎发育的效果，不同培育密度和培育方式对幼虫生长发育的影响。结果显示，阴干4 h后用升温3℃的次氯酸钠中和海水，可诱导亲贝大量排放精卵。并且对卵子受精及胚胎发育影响较小。幼虫培养实验结果显示，幼虫最适培育密度为1 ind/ml，在降低幼虫培育密度的同时，在培育池内安装造浪泵，使培育水体流动起来，能够有效减少幼虫的相互粘连提高幼虫的成活率。

Abstract:

Atrina pectinata is a large deepwater mollusk that is widely distributed in temperate and tropical ocean waters. The China costal line, from the Liaodong peninsula in the north to the Qiongzhou strait in the south, is a major habitat of Atrina pectinata. The provinces along the costal line included Liaoning, Shandong, Fujian and Guangdong, etc. This bivalve animal possesses high economic and medicinal values. The dried scallop of A. pectinata is large in size and has a tender texture and delicious taste. In recent years the overfishing has caused a rapid drop in the natural resource of Atrina pectinata and thus hindered the breeding in the aquaculture industry. The difficulty in the spawning inducement and the larval adhesion during culture has been the major issues in the large-scale production of A. pectinata seed. In the present study we explored different inductive methods and identified the optimal one to improve the fertilization rates and the embryonic development. Our study suggested that the combination of thermal stimulation (3℃ rise in the temperature) and sodium hypochlorite would neutralize the seawater and could be the optimal spawning-inducing method without noticeable impact on the fertilization rate and the embryonic development. To reduce the larval adhesion during the breeding, we adopted a lower breeding density and changed the incubation method. It was found that the larval adhesion could be effectively avoided at a lower larval density, and that at the density of 1 ind/ml the larval survival rate reached the maximum. Moreover, we also changed the cultural method for the A. pectinata larvae by equipping the cultivating pool with a surf pump. The surf pump generated a water flow inside the pool that prevented the larval adhesion and thus improved the larval survival rates. Our study provided a valuable tool for the large-scale production of the seed of A. pectinata.