黄海中南部狮子鱼种类的分析

Analysis of Liparidae Species in Central and Southern Yellow Sea

关键词:  狮子鱼  形态学特征  细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ亚基因（COⅠ）  黄海中南部

Key words:  Liparidae species  Morphological characteristics  Cytochrome oxidase subunit geneⅠ  Central and southern Yellow Sea

摘要:

于在黄海中南部海域采集的23尾体色花纹各异的狮子鱼标本，利用形态学和线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ亚基因(COⅠ)相结合的方法，对黄海中南部海域狮子鱼种类进行了分析。结果显示，22尾标本在可数性状和可量性状，如背鳍、尾鳍、臀鳍、胸鳍、幽门盲囊、头长/体长、头长/吻长、眼间隔/眼径、体高/体长等，属于细纹狮子鱼的范畴。其中4尾标本体表覆盖明显黑褐色横斑。5尾体表覆盖不规则斑纹，眼部存在放射性白色条带，头部及尾部存在明显的纵纹。9尾在头部或体侧具有褐色或者黑褐色细点，臀鳍黑色，尾鳍基部有1白斑。4尾体表尾红褐色，具有纵行细纹，背鳍、尾鳍、臀鳍及胸鳍外缘灰黑色；另1尾根据可数性状判断，其属于网纹狮子鱼，头部和体背部具有大小不等的白色小圆斑，尾长形、后端圆凸，背鳍基部两侧具有6–7个密集的斑点。COⅠ分析也具有相同的结果，其中22尾细纹狮子鱼之间的遗传距离为0.002–0.003，与网纹狮子鱼的遗传距离为0.134，与其他种类如戴氏狮子鱼、细尾狮子鱼、光皮狮子鱼等的遗传距离较近，为0.057–0.067。

Abstract:

To identify snailfish specimens collected in the central and southern Yellow Sea, both morphology method and cytochrome oxidase subunit geneⅠanalysis were conducted in this paper. The results showed that 22 specimens were Liparis tanakae according to meristic and measurable characteristics, including the fin ray number of pectoral fin, anal fin, dorsal fin, caudal fin, the number of pyloric caecum, the ratios of head length/body length, body depth/body length, head length/snout length, interorbital space/eye diameter etc. In all L. tanakae specimens, 4 specimens were covered with obvious brown transverse spots. Five specimens had irregular spots, white radiation lines in ocular region, obvious longitudinal grain in the head and caudal fin. Nine specimens had the brown or black brown fine spots on the head and body side, one white patch in the base of caudal fin, and black anal fin. Another 4 specimens had reddish-brown with longitudinal striate, the fin membrane edge of dorsal fin, anal fin, pectoral fin, and caudal fin. There was one specimen belonged to Liparis chefuensis that had the irregular white spots in the head and body back, long caudal fin, the round convex at its back end, 6−7 dense spots in the two sides of the base of dorsal fin. These results were supported by the cytochrome oxidase subunit geneⅠanalysis. The genetic distance between 22 L. tanakae specimens were 0.002−0.003, and the genetic distance between L. tanakae and L. chefuensis was 0.134. The genetic distance between L. tanakae and the other species, for example L. dennyi, L. gibbus, L. fucensis were 0.057−0.067. These findings indicated that Liparidae species in the Yellow Sea were mainly composed of L. tanakae.