海洋食物网拓扑学方法研究进展

A Review of Methodology in Marie Food-web Topology

关键词:  生态系统  食物网  拓扑学  渔业管理  资源评估

Key words:  Ecosystem  Food-web  Topology  Fishery management  Stock assessment

摘要:

基于生态系统的渔业管理(EBFM)对海洋食物网研究提出了新的理论和方法需求。作者文章针对食物网动态这一生态系统的核心问题，对其近期发展起来的研究领域——食物网拓扑学理论和方法进行综述。食物网拓扑学通过建立一系列拓扑学指标，定量描述食物网各个成员之间的联系紧密程度，以及各个成员对整个食物网的作用。评价渔业对食物网的影响或食物网对外界的响应，开发可持续的捕捞方案，需要建立并运用食物网的动态模型。鱼类生物的重要特点是其捕食关系在很大程度上由个体大小(体长、体重)决定。而体长结构的渔业种群动力学模型发展已经成熟。因此，建议将食物网拓扑学的动态建模、体长结构的渔业种群生物量模型、鱼类个体大小相关的捕捞过程研究结合起来，作为基于生态系统渔业管理的一个重要的、潜在解决方案。对此，下一步的研究重点是，选择食物网资料采集较为容易、渔业统计资料较为全面的海洋食物网，开展试点研究，从而逐步构建起完整的、具有实际应用能力的EBFM方法体系。

Abstract:

Ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM) is becoming a hot spot and prioritized in fishery industry. Implementation of EBFM requires innovative methodology for marine food-web studies. In this article, we reviewed the theories and methods of food-web topology that was a newly developed research area in ecology. Food-web topology is the quantification of food-web structures based on topological indicators. Models of food-web dynamics are needed to evaluate the impact of fishing and to develop sustainable fishery strategies. Theories and methods of establishing fishery population dynamics model have progressed in the past decades. An important notion in the fish feeding ecology is that body size acts as a determining factor in feeding activities such as selection of preys based on their sizes. Models of size-structured fishery population dynamics have been well developed and can be used to develop the biomass model of species within the food-web. Therefore, it could be valuable strategy for EBFM to combine studies on food-web topological model, size-structured population biomass model, and size-dependent fishing process quantification. Pilot studies on practical approaches should be conducted with high-quality food-web data and fishery statistics, for example, long-term fishery.