福建古雷半岛周边海域春季大型底栖生物多样性现状

Studies on the Macrobenthic Diversity in the Water Around Gulei Peninsula of Fujian in Spring

关键词:  古雷半岛  春季  大型底栖生物  多样性  福建

Key words:  Gulei peninsula  Spring  Macrobenthos  Diversity  Fujian Province

摘要:

根据2011年4–5月期间对福建古雷半岛周边海域27个站位所做的生态调查，分析了该海域大型底栖生物多样性现状以及密度、生物量分布特征。结果显示，古雷半岛周边海域大型底栖生物种类丰富，共采获145种，其中多毛类69种，软体动物28种，甲壳动物29种，三者是海区种类组成的优势类群，但种类的出现率和优势度普遍不高。海区平均密度和生物量分别是(111±200) ind/m2和(14.79±22.03) g/m2，站位间高低值相差较大。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′和Margalef物种丰富度d均值都不高，为2.064和2.847，源于半数以上站位的种类数不到10种。在所划分的3个地理区域，东山湾内的种类多样性水平和密度都要比东山湾口和东侧海域来得高。与福建其他港湾相比，古雷周边海域底栖生物多样性相对丰富，但密度和生物量不高。底栖生物这些多样性特点可能与底质分布特征有关。与东山湾的历史调查数据相比，该湾的优势种类组成变化明显。

Abstract:

Macrobenthic organisms are widely distributed in the world and are efficient bio-indicators of environmental change because of their limited mobility. They are also an important part of the basic data in environmental assessment. In this study we evaluated the current macrobenthic diversity and their regional difference in the water around Gulei peninsula, and we also discussed how this distribution pattern was formed. Before the petrochemical production in Gulei national petrochemical base, 27 stations were surveyed in April and May 2011. Twelve stations were located in the east and 15 were in the west of the peninsula. According to the data on totally 145 species, we found there were 69 polychaetes, 20 molluscs and 29 crustaceans, which were the dominant taxa. Macrobenthic species were rich in the water but the number of species was low with an average of 10. The number of species ranged from 2 to 23 at different stations. The occurrence frequency and the dominance index of most species were also quite low. The density and biomass were (111±200) ind/m2 and (14.79±22.03) g/m2 respectively. Higher density and biomass mostly appeared to the west of Gulei peninsula. The average Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef’s species richness index were 2.064 and 2.847 respectively, which were low because the number of species was below 10 at more than half of the stations. The macrobenthic diversity and density in the inner Dongshan Bay were much higher than in the bay mouth and in the east side of Gulei peninsula. Compared to other bays in Fujian, the study area had higher macrobenthic diversity but lower density and biomass. These results suggested that the diversity of macrobenthic organisms in the water around Gulei peninsula was related to the complexity in the sediments. Sandy sediments that were typical in the water were not suitable for the inhabitation of many species at the most stations, which resulted in low species number and density. Furthermore, there was a change in the composition of dominant species compared to the previous data.