浙江嵊泗人工鱼礁区渔业资源生态容纳量变动的研究

Preliminary study on the variation of the carrying capacity of fishery resources in Shengsi artificial reef area

关键词:  容纳量  人工鱼礁  遗传算法  Logistic模型

Key words:  Ecological carrying capacity  Artificial reef  Genetic Algorithm method  Logistic model

摘要:

人工鱼礁是放置于海底以影响海洋生物资源的物理、生物或社会经济过程的人工设施。科学评价人工鱼礁对渔业资源生态容纳量的改善程度对揭示鱼礁的生态功能和指导鱼礁后续建设具有重要的理论与现实意义。人工鱼礁区鱼类和大型无脊椎动物可分为3种类型（I型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型），其中Ⅱ型鱼类和大型无脊椎动物身体不接触鱼礁，但在鱼礁周围游泳、在海底栖息。该生物学资料可通过拖网调查取样获得。根据2004年10月~2007年9月浙江嵊泗人工鱼礁海域渔业资源拖网调查数据，建立了模拟礁区渔业资源密度随时间变化趋势的Logistic模型，并据此求解了鱼礁海域资源数量容纳量模型。通过遗传算法求得了Logistic模型的参数。结果表明，人工鱼礁区Ⅱ型鱼类和大型无脊椎动物的原有生态容纳量约为6.00～8.03 ind/km·kW，鱼礁投放所产生的新生态容纳量约为4.40～5.89 ind/km·kW，容纳量随季节变化而呈周期性波动。

Abstract:

An artificial reef is one or more objects of natural or human origin deployed purposefully on the seafloor to influence physical, biological, or socioeconomic processes related to living marine resources, which is applied to improve marine environment and protect fishery resources.Large numbers of artificial reef projects have been carried out in China since the beginning of 21st century, so as to restore marine habitat. It is practically very important for future construction of the artificial reefs that the fishery resources enhancement of the artificial reef can be scientifically evaluated. There are 3 types of fish and macro-invertebrates (i.e. Type I,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ) in artificial reef area.Type Ⅱanimals inhabit surrounding areas and do not contact artificial reef, whose biological data can be obtained by trawling. Based on the survey data of fishery resources in artificial reef area of Shengsi in Zhejiang Province, the density of fishery resource is analyzed, and the variation tendency of the fishery resource density is simulated by using improved Logistic model. The parameters of the model are calculated via Genetic Algorithm method. The result indicates that the original ecological carrying capacity is approximately 6.00~8.03 ind/km·kW, and the enlarged carrying capacity is approximately 4.4~5.89 ind/km·kW of type Ⅱfish and macro-invertebrates in the artificial reef area. The carrying capacity has periodically fluctuated along with the change of seasons.