坛紫菜薄叶新品系选育及经济性状的比较

Selective breeding and comparison of economic traits of the new thin thallus strain Porphyra haitanensis

关键词:  坛紫菜  品系  薄叶  育种  经济性状

Key words:  Porphyra haitanensis  Strain  Thin thallus  BreedingEconomic traits

摘要:

对坛紫菜人工杂交和选育的Z-26、Z-61和Z-81品系的F2、F3代的经济性状进行比较，旨在选育优良的薄叶新品系。实验结果表明，（1）Z-61新品系藻体薄，厚度约为26~32μm，培养期间经两次剪收，厚度增长不明显，日平均增厚0.32～0.35μm /d；Z 81藻体厚度为36-40μm，比Z-61厚38～50％，剪收后厚度增长明显，日平均增厚0.60～0.70μm /d，经两次剪收后藻体厚度可达52μm；Z-26新品系厚度为30~42μm，剪收后厚度日增长介于Z-61和Z-81新品系之间，为0.37-0.55μm/d；（2）Z-61的F3代在低氮、磷培育液培养8d，藻体虽然发黄但未死亡，移至含有氮、磷的正常培养液中培养2-3d，色泽和生长均可恢复正常；Z-81 F3代和Z-26 F3代在低氮、磷下生长较Z-61 F3代慢，恢复时间需要3-5 d；（3）Z-61F2代第1次剪收时的藻胆蛋白含量较Z-26、Z-81品系高30.2％～34.4％，叶绿素a含量比Z-81高13.8％-44.7％。以上研究结果可为选育薄叶型坛紫菜，提高坛紫菜的质量和经济效益奠定基础。

Abstract:

In order to breed an eugenic thin-thallus strain of Porphyra haitanensis, economic traits of hybrid and selective bred stains（Z-26, Z-61 and Z-81）were studied. It was found that: (1) The blade of Z-61 was thin and the thickness was 26-32μm. After twice cut harvest, the blade thickness (BT) showed no obvious increase and the mean thickness increase rate (TIR) was 0.32-0.35μm/d. BT of Z-81 was 36-40μm, which was 38%~50% thicker than Z-61. BT of Z-81 increased to 52μm after twice cut harvest and TIR was 0.6-0.7μm/d. BT of Z-26 was 30~42μm and TIR was 037~055μm after cut harvest. (2) After being cultured for 8 days in a medium of low N and P concentrations, the blades F-3 gametophyte of Z-61 turned yellow but were not dead; then after being cultured for 2 or 3 days in the regular medium, the color turned normal and growth recovered. F-3 gametophyte thallus of both Z-81 and Z-26 grew slower than Z-61 in a medium of low N and P concentrations, and after that spent 3 to 5 days to recover. (3) After one harvest, content of phycobiliprotein in Z-61 F-2 gametophyte was 30.21~34.40% higher than Z-26 or Z-81, and its chlorophyll-a content was 13.8~44.7% higher than Z-81. These findings provided a basis for selective breeding of a thin-thallus strain P. haitanensis, and for improving its quality and economic benefits.