不同壳型菲律宾蛤仔杂交家系的建立及早期生长发育比较

Establishment of hybrid families of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum with different shell shapes and comparison of their early stage development

关键词:  菲律宾蛤仔  壳型  杂交家系  生长发育

Key words:  Ruditapes philippinarum  Shell shape  Hybrid family  Growth development

摘要:

利用3种壳型的菲律宾蛤仔，即壳宽型（H）、中间型（M）和壳扁型（P），采取双列杂交方式，成功建立3种杂交组合（PH、HM和MP），每个杂交组合由4个杂交家系组成，共12个杂交家系。结果表明，不同壳型亲本形态差异显著（P＜0.05，n=4）；各杂交组合的D形幼虫、附着规格、变态规格和单水管稚贝的大小彼此间差异不显著（P＞0.05，n=120）。幼虫浮游期间，3种杂交组合表现出不同程度的生长、存活优势。PH杂交组合表现出明显的生长优势，与HM、MP组幼虫大小差异显著（P＜0.05，n=120），生长速度分别为（10.21 ± 0.42）、（9.96 ± 0.52）和（9.29 ± 0.52）μm/d；从存活率上看，9日龄时，PH杂交组合存活率最高，与HM、MP组合差异极显著（P＜0.05，n=12）。变态期间，幼虫生长缓慢，PH、HM和MP杂交组合的生长速度分别为（1.72±0.48）、（1.93±0.53）和（2.08±0.39）μm /d，差异显著（P＜0.05，n=120）；变态率分别为（83.20±8.47）%、（6.45±3.06）%和（10.75±3.70）%，差异极显著（P＜ 0.01，n=12）。稚贝培育期间，3组稚贝的大小差异极显著（P＜ 0.01，n=120），生长速度分别为（16.74 ± 3.06）、（13.08 ± 2.24）和（15.20 ± 2.55）μm/d；本阶段3组存活率均较高，分别为（93.25 ± 2.99）%、（90.75 ± 2.22）%和（87.25 ± 4.86）%，彼此间差异显著（P＜0.05，n=12）。

Abstract:

The twelve hybrid families were obtained by broodstock of different shell shapes including “wide”, “middle”, “flat” in October, 2007. The experiment consisted of three hybrid categories (PH=0, HM, MP), and each category was made up of four hybrid families, which included twelve hybrid families altogether. The results showed that the morphology of parents was of significant difference, and the size of D larvae, size at settlement and metamorphosis, and the size of single siphon juveniles were not significantly different. At planktonic stage, the growth and survival of the larvae were different. The size of PH larvae was significantly bigger than HM and MP categories (P＜0.05，n=120）, and the growth rates were (10.21 ± 0.42), (9.96 ± 0.52), (9.29 ± 0.52) μm/d for these categories, respectively. The survival of 9d larvae of the PH category was significantly higher than the HM and MP categories. At the metamorphic stage, the larvae grew slowly. Larvae of the PH, HM and MP categories showed growth rates of (1.72 ± 0.48), (1.93 ± 0.53), (2.08 ± 0.39) μm /d, respectively, which were significantly different. The metamorphosis rates of these categories were (83.20 ± 8.47)%, (6.45 ± 3.06)%and (10.75 ±3.70)%, and the difference was extremely significant. At the nursery stage, juveniles of the PH, HM, MP categories showed significant difference in size and their growth rates were (16.74±3.06), (13.08 ± 2.24) and (15.20 ±2.55) μm/d, respectively. Survival of juveniles was also significantly different between each category, which was (93.25 ± 2.99)%, (90.75 ± 2.22)%and (87.25 ± 4.86)% for PH, HM and MP.