刺参育苗系统中的敌害生物——玻璃海鞘的药物杀除试验

Lethal effect of ten chemicals to sea squirt Ciona intestinalis in sea cucumber hatchery

关键词:  刺参养殖  玻璃海鞘  敌害生物  毒理  半致死浓度

Key words:  Apostichopus japonicus  culture  Ciona intestinalis  Toxicology  Half lethal concentration LC50

摘要:

10种渔药对玻璃海鞘Ciona intestinalis的急性毒性试验结果表明，硫酸锌(≤3 mg/L)、碳酸氢钠(≤25%)、茶皂素(≤6.7 ml/L)、氯氰菊酯(≤02 ml/L)、精制敌百虫粉(≤4 mg/L)、敌百虫·辛硫磷粉(≤3 mg/L)和高锰酸钾(≤5 mg/L)对玻璃海鞘无致死作用。在24 h内，硫酸铜浓度≥1 mg/L、灭鞘灵（MQL）浓度≥5 mg/L和自制大蒜素复方药物灭鞘散（MQS）≥15 mg/L时，对玻璃海鞘有100%的致死作用，其24 h的LC50值分别为0.58、3.33和10.80 mg/L。硫酸铜浓度≥1 mg/L时，稚参在3 h内吐肠率达80%以上，对刺参能造成严重的生理伤害。因此，硫酸铜不适合在生产实践中使用。MQS浓度为20 mg/L或MQL浓度为10 mg/L对稚参的毒性实验表明，药物浸泡稚参96 h仍活动正常，对生存没有任何影响。因此，MQS和MQＬ可视为刺参养殖系统中杀灭玻璃海鞘的有效药物，分别采用15 mg/L和5 mg/L的浓度，药浴24 h后换水即可完成。

Abstract:

Acute toxicity of ten chemicals to sea squirt Ciona intestinalis was tested. Seven of the ten drugs showed no lethal effect on C. intestinalis. These drugs were zinc sulfate (≤3 mg/L), sodium bicarbonate (≤2.5%), tea saponin (≤6.7 ml/L), cypermethrin (≤0.2 ml/L), trichlorfon refined flour (≤4 mg/L), trichlorfon and phoxim mixture (≤3 mg/L) and potassium permanganate (≤5 mg/L).In contrast, copper sulfate (≥1 mg/L), MQL (≥5 mg/L) and garlicin mixture (MQS)(≥15 mg/L) could kill sea squirt in 24 h, and the half lethal concentrations (LC50) of these three chemicals were 0.58 mg/L,3.33 mg/L and 10.80 mg/L, respectively. At the concentration of 1 mg/L, copper sulfate could induce juvenile Apostichopus japonicus to disgorge their intestines in 3 h. Thus, copper sulfate is not suitable for use in culture practice. In addition, MQL and MQS had no toxin effects to juvenile A. japonicus in 96 h at the concentration of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, MQL and MQS were considered as the effective drugs to kill C. intestinalis in the sea cucumber nursery system, and the dosage of 5 mg/L and 15 mg/L for soaking 24 h were recommended in their application. This method is effective to kill C. intestinalis in sea cucumber hatchery.