Abstract:For studying the long-term changes in taxonomic diversity (average taxonomic distinctness and variations in taxonomic distinctness) of fish community in Yangtze River estuary, fish species recorded at three periods (1985~1986, 2004, 2010~2011) were used to estimate the △+ and ∧+ for respective survey. The results showed that △+ in 2004 and 2010~2011 (except the spring survey) fell below the 95% probability limits for △+ of all fish species from Yangtze River estuary. Moreover, the decreasing trends in △+ were also observed. However, patterns of variation in ∧+ was different from △+, as all ∧+ distributed in the 95% probability limits for∧+ of all fish species. Declines in △+ of Yangtze River estuary may be a result of overfishing, pollution and habitat destruction, as shown in closer relationships among fish species, implying for increased niche similarity between species and potential loss of stability or resilience of the community.

Abstract:Based on the fishery data collected by bottom trawls during the spawning season (May, 2007 and May to June, 2008) in coastal waters of the East China Sea, the relative stock density and distribution of hairtail Trichiurus lepturus and the biological characteristics and reproductive characteristics of its spawning stock were studied. The results showed that the relative stock density of hairtail spawning stock were 13.07±5.17 kg/h, 14.34±6.64 kg/h, and 16.10±6.28 kg/h in May, 2007, May and June, 2008, respectively, and accounted for 63.55%, 60.20% and 53.77% of the total catch, respectively. The occurrence frequencies of the fish were more than 85% in three surveys. The average anal length of hairtail spawning stock was 182.62 mm, and the dominant anal length was 150～200 mm; Average body weight was 102.77 g, and the dominant body weight ranged from 50 g to 110 g. There was no significant difference in body weight and anal length relationship between spawning males and females (P>0.05), and the body weight and anal length relationship was W= 4.520×10-5 L2.795 (R2=0.929, n=349). According to Chi-square test, there were significantly more females than males in the spawning stock, and the group with the anal length less than 210 mm was dominant. Anal length at 50% sexual maturity (L50) of female and male were 164.65 mm and 171.65 mm, respectively.

Abstract:Bisphenol A (BPA) in surface seawater and marine organisms in Laizhou Bay was analyzed by GC-MS in our research. The results showed that BPA was detected in the seawater of all the 29 sites and the concentrations ranged between 7.6~152ng/L, with the average concentration of 41ng/L. BPA concentrations in marine organism ranged between ND~13.6μg/kg. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of BPA varied in different organisms. BCFs of Neverita didyma, Crangon affinis and Sardinella zunasi were 137, 133 and 124 respectively, higher than that of Platycephalus indicus and Pampus argenteus, which were 40.1, 45.6 respectively. In general, Laizhou Bay is already polluted by BPA, which may potentially bring about ecological problems.

Abstract:The effects of temperature, salinity and pH on the sperm activity of Verasper variegatus were investigated. The results showed that the optimized water temperature for sperm activity ranged from 8 ℃ to 12℃, salinity ranged from 25 to 35, and the most suitable pH range for sperm activity was 7~8. The present results revealed that the activity of sperm was inhibited by high temperature(above 20℃) and low-salinity (<15). Under appropriate environmental conditions the longest eddying time for the spermatozoa was 7~8min and the longest life span was 12~17min. Artificial fertilization should be done under most optimized environmental conditions in order to obtain high quality fertilized eggs. These findings would serve as a reference for the artificial fertilization of V. variegatus.

Abstract:In order to determine the genetic diversity of Takifugu rubripes at five main culture areas in China, twenty pairs of microsatellite primers were tested on populations from Wendeng (WD), Laizhou (LZ), Japanese 1(J1), Japanese 2 (J2) and Tanghai (THQ). It was found that 12 pairs (60%) of the primers displayed polymorphism. The number of alleles of the five populations ranged from 2 to 8, and the average observed heterozygosity was 0.27, 0.26, 0.18, 0.25, 0.20, respectively; the average expected heterozygosity was 0.55, 0.57, 0.69, 0.71, 0.62, respectively; the order of polymorphism information content (PIC) was J2(0.65)＞J1(0.63)＞THQ(0.55)＞LZ(0.51)＞WD(0.48). The results showed that: (1) genetic distance between WD and LZ was 0.233 6, which was the lowest; the genetic distance between LZ and J1 was 0.624 2, which was the highest; (2) the genetic diversity of WD was moderate (0.25＜PIC＜0.5), while that of LZ, J1, J2 and THQ were relatively high (PIC≥0.5). The analysis showed that the genetic diversity of T. rubripes at China’s main culture regions was very high, and therefore, the populations had relatively high potential for genetic improvement.

Abstract:An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dairy-yeast prebiotic (Grobiotic-A) on the survival rate, growth performance and antioxidant capacity of juvenile starry flounder Platichtahys stellatus. A total of 540 fish at body weight of 15.05±0.04 g were randomly allocated into six groups with three replicates and each replicate contained 30 fish. The fish were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0% dairy-yeast prebiotic, respectively. The results are shown as follows: 1) weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), protein efficiency rate (PER) and condition factor (CF) increased whereas feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the supplementation of dairy-yeast prebiotic in diets. However, there were no statistical differences in viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) (P>0.05); 2) compared with the control, the activity of catalase (CAT) and total anti-oxidation capability (T-AOC) in serum and liver, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and anti-superoxide anion activities (T-AOC) in serum were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum and liver of fish fed diets supplemented with dairy-yeast prebiotic was significantly decreased (P<0.05). These results indicated that dairy-yeast prebiotic positively influenced the growth performance and anti-oxidation of juvenile starry flounder in this experiment. Quadratic regression of SGR indicated that the optimal supplementation level of dairy-yeast prebiotic in juvenile starry flounder diet was 1.32%.

Abstract:Using microalgae (SA), artificial feed (AF), brachionus plicatilis (BP) and brine shrimp larvae (BS) , four diets including SA+AF, SA+AF+BP, SA+AF+BS, and SA+AF+BP+BS were formulated and used for rearing Fenneropenaeus chinensis larvae. All fertilized eggs were disinfected except the larvae fed with SA+AF. The survival rates of different treatments were compared at each stage. It was found that there was no significant difference in the survival rate at N-Z stage by feeding with different diets (P>0.05), but the survival rate of BP treatment was higher than others (P<0.01) at Z-P stage, while that of SA+AF+BS treatment was significantly different (P<0.01) from others at M-P stage. The body weight of 10-day post larvae (P10) fed with SA +AF+BP diet was less than that of SA+AF+BP+BS (P<0.01). The WSSV load of SA+AF treatment (10.52±3.3 copies/ng DNA) were significantly lower than that of other treatments (P<0.05) at P10 stage. During the stage of P11-P60, four kinds of diets, including Ruditapes philippinarum foot muscle (CF)+artificial feed (AF), R. philippinarum foot muscle radiated by 60Co γ (RCF)+artificial feed (AF), potassium-permanganate-disinfected R. philippinarum foot muscle (DCF)+artificial feed (AF) and artificial feed (AF), were used to feed the prawn. The CF+AF treatment gained the greatest increase of body weight and body length, showing no significant difference (P>0.05) from AF treatment, but with significant difference (P<0.05) from the other two treatments. The survival rate of CF+AF treatment was the highest but no significant difference from other treatments (P>0.05). WSSV artificial infection experiment showed that the accumulated mortality in all treatments were higher than 90%, with no significant difference among treatments (P>0.05) .

Abstract:Ceruloplasmin is a ferroxidase combining more than 95% copper atoms in plasma that plays roles in copper transport and regulates iron homeostasis. In this study, a full-length cDNA of ceruloplasmin was cloned from channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The cDNA of ceruloplasmin has a length of 4 110 bp, composed of a 25 bp 5′ UTR, an 860 bp 3′ UTR and a 3 225 bp ORF, encoding a polypeptide of 1,074 amino acids. Alignments showed that catfish ceruloplasmin was conserved among others. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to detect expression profiles of ceruloplasmin in normal tissues and four tissues (liver, headkidney, intestine and spleen) after infection by different pathogens: Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, Aeromonas hydrophila, and channel catfish Hemorrhage Reovirus (CCRV). The expression profile in liver was the highest in normal tissues. S. iniae induced the expression of ceruloplasmin to the highest extent, and CCRV virus to the lowest extent. These results provide a basis for further research aimed at exploring the precise immune-related molecular mechanism of ceruloplasmin in channel catfish.

Abstract:The eight-month experiment was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin A supplementation (0, 10000, and 80000IU/kg diet) on the growth and reproductive performance of broodstock Scophthamus maximus. Average relative fecundity, percentage of buoyant eggs, fertilization rate, hatching rate of eggs, size of eggs and length of fry were used to evaluate the performance of turbot. The results showed that the percentage of buoyant eggs and hatchability of eggs of the group fed with 80000IU/kg vitamin A were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The body length of fry of the group fed with 80000IU/kg vitamin A was 2 684.1±24.91μm, which was significantly higher than those of the control (2 562.3±30.00μm) (P<0.05). The content of n-3HUFA and n-6HUFA in eggs and vitamin A in gonad increased with the increase of vitamin A supplementation levels in diet. SOD activity in serum of broodstock fed with 80000IU/kg vitamin A was 91.88U/ml, which was significantly higher than those of the control (70.57U/ml)(P<0.05). This experiment demonstrated that vitamin A supplemented in the diets could improve the reproductive performance of turbot broodstock.

Abstract:Experiments were carried out to evaluate the influences of inactivated Nocardia seriolae on the nonspecific immune indexes of Channa argus. One hundred healthy fish (C. argus) at body weight of 300~400 g were divided randomly into immunized and control groups. Each individual in the immunized group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml 1.0×108CFU/ml N.seriolae which was inactivated by formalin and ultrasonic disruption, while each individual was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml sterile saline solution in the control group. After the injection, blood samples were taken from the fish caudal vein on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 to test the changes of nonspecific immune indexes such as haematocyte number, serum total protein, alkaline phosphatase(AKP), acid phosphatase(ACP), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and lysozyme activities. The results showed that haematocyte number in immunized C. argus increased at first and was significantly higher than that in control group on day 12, but then decreased. Content of serum total protein of the immunized C. argus was significantly higher than that in the control group on day 9. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme activities showed significant changes during the experiment. All these findings indicate that inactivated N. seriolae may enhance the non-specific immunity of C. argus, producing a significant protection against the pathogen bacteria.

Abstract:Expression of vitellogenin (VTG) after exposure to tributyltin （TBT) was examined in hepatopancreas and ovarian of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Results showed that the expression of VTG increased in the hepatopancreas of female M. rosenbergii, but decreased in the ovary. Expression of VTG in the hepatopancreas of male M. rosenbergii was inhibited by TBT, yet no significant effect was observed for TBT on the expression of VTG in the testis. Development of testis in M. rosenbergii was improved after exposure to TBT, but the effect of TBT on ovary development was not significant.

Abstract:In this study, the influence of three intestinal potential probiotics, Bacillus firmus, Photobacterium damsela, and Vibrio alginolyticus supplementation was investigated on digestive enzyme activities (pepsin, lipase and amylase) and intestinal bacteria of Litopenaeus vannamei. Probiotic B. firmus (live, 1.0×108CFU/g) tandem 1% P. damsela (inactivated), probiotic B. firmus (live, 1.0×108CFU/g) only, or probiotic B. firmus (live, 1.0×108CFU/g) tandem 1% V. alginolyticus (inactivated) was added to the basic feed for the treatments. No probiotic was supplemented to the control. Mean digestive enzyme activities of all probiotic treatments were significantly different (P<0.05) from that of the control. Besides, total and dominant bacterial counts in probiotic-supplemented groups were different from that in the control. The B. firmus + P. damsela treatment demonstrated the highest amylase activity; the B. firmus + V. alginolyticus treatment demonstrated the highest lipase and pepsin activity; the B. firmus only treatment demonstrated the greatest numbers of total and dominant bacterial counts. It was found that supplementation of probiotics to the basic feed could significantly increased digestive enzyme activities and improve the shrimp's intestinal flora. The multispecies probiotics showed better effect.

Abstract:In this study, a total of 10 659 Zostera marina EST sequences were downloaded from NCBI database, from which 65 EST-SSR loci were searched with the frequency of 1.7% and the average distributing distance of 21.7 kb. Out of all the repetitive motifs, the trimer was dominant at a ratio of 49.2%, followed by the dimer at a ratio of 33.8%. Based on the searched 65 EST sequences, 30 pairs of primers were designed and synthesized, of which 26 pairs had amplification products with unambiguous bands at similar or larger size than expected. Using eight pairs of polymorphic primers in a population of 16 individuals, the genetic diversity of Z. marina population in Huiquan Bay, Qingdao was analyzed. A total of 33 alleles were obtained at an average of 4.1 alleles per locus, and the genetic diversity of the investigated population was relatively high (Ho=0.538 2; He=0.577 6). The EST-SSR markers developed in this study will provide data for molecular ecology and population genetics study of Z. marina.

Abstract:This study aims to investigate the possibility of using marine microalgae (green microalgae) to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons and converse them into lipids in cells. Rapid growth strains of Chlorella sp. and Dunaliella salina were obtained by single separation technology and ultraviolet mutation breeding techniques. The mutagenesis dominant strains were then cultured in oily seawater with different oil concentrations. The contents of conjugated hydrocarbon compounds and petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons were determined respectively by UV spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The lipid content of the microalgae cells was measured by the Soxhlet extraction method. The results showed that Chlorella and D. salina were able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons effectively at oil concentrations of 1.5~10.0μg/ml. The degradation rates of conjugated hydrocarbon compounds were 25.3%~39.5% and 17.9%~24.0%, respectively, while the degradation rates of petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons were 18.7%~26.2% and 22.1%~30.2%, respectively. Degradation rates for both petroleum hydrocarbons were the highest at oil concentration of 3.5μg/ml, and the performance of Chlorella was slightly better than D. salina. The lipid contents of the algal cells were 1.2 and 1.5 folds of the control when cultured in oily seawater at oil concentrations of 1.5μg/ml and 3.5μg/ml, and the lipid content of the algal cells was the highest for the latter.

Abstract:Pollution management of water source is a guarantee for the safety of urban drinking water. In this study, the pollution status of the upstream of Laoshan Reservoir was quantitatively assessed in three aspects, including domestic pollution, poultry and livestock pollution, and agricultural non-point pollution. According to the field investigation data of the environment pollution, the pollutants loading and pollutants capacity of Laoshan Reservoir were also quantified. Finally, several countermeasures were proposed for improving the water quality of Laoshan Reservoir. This study may provide support for pollution control of Laoshan Reservoir and similar areas.

Abstract:Using extraction ratio as the index, the extraction process of protein from Enteromorpha clathrata was investigated using single factor test and uniform design. Results showed that the optimal water extracting conditions were as follows: pH 11.0, temperature 60℃, and extraction time 5h. The cellulase-assisted extraction condition were as follows: solid/liquid ratio 1∶50, temperature 30℃, pH 5.5, hydrolysis duration 5.5h, and enzyme dose 5.0%. The sample was first treated with cellulose, then extracted by water under the above conditions, and the extraction rate was 30.22%~35.74%. In order to utilize the protein of E. clathrata, the properties of the extracted protein were also tested. The isoelectric point (pI) of the protein was 3; foaming capability peaked at pH 7 and was enhanced with the increase of the protein concentration; the highest foam stability at pH 3 and concentration of 2mg/ml; the highest emulsifying capability and emulsion stability at concentrations of 4 mg/ml and 2mg/ml, respectively. The oil adsorption ability of the protein was found to be 131.6%, and the maximum solubility was achieved at 60℃.

Abstract:To study the hypoglycemic effect of hydrolysate of Porphyra haitanensis on diabetes, the hyperglycemia mice were induced by alloxan to analyze the effects of HPH on weight, organ coefficient, glucose tolerance, serum insulin (INS), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), liver glycogen and so on. The result showed that the growth of weight, spleen coefficient, INS and concentration of liver glycogen in the mice were raised at certain doses of HPH, while liver coefficient and GSP were lower, but thymus coefficient remained steady. Among them, the blood glucose level of the mice treated with high and medium dose HPH were stable and were significantly lower than the control. In conclusion, HPH has obvious hypoglycemic effect on hyperglycemia mice induced by alloxan.