Abstract:The albacore Thunnus alalunga longline fishery is one of the important fisheries in the Pacific Ocean. According to the collected catch data of the albacore, sea surface temperature(SST) derived from satellite 3-level production and literatures, the distribution of albacore longline fishery grounds and its relationship with SST were analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively by using GIS technology. The results showed that the distribution of longline albacore fishing-grounds was latitudinal zones, and mainly located in the area of 25～40°N. The average SST and median SST of albacore longline fishing-grounds were 23.6℃ and 24.5℃ respectively.In addition, average SST of most fishing grounds was 16～28℃. The distribution curve of SST was a negative skew and the distribution curve of catch was a positive skew. Variation of the average CPUE and the average yields were similar and they were the highest when the SST was between 18～20℃. The catch of fishing is different at lower SST area (16～23℃) and higher SST area (24～27℃), but mainly distributed at lower SST area (16～23℃). There was a correlation between CPUE of albacore and PDO index by time series analysis.

Abstract:Based on the data collected from bottom trawl in eight cruises by R/V “Beidou” in the central and southern Yellow Sea from 2000 to 2010 and historical data from 1985 to 1986, seasonal and annual variations in the growth, feeding habits, reproductive characteristics of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis and the dynamics of its resource were analyzed. The results were as follows: the average body length and the dominant body length range in spring were higher than those in the other seasons, and showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2010 with narrower dominant body length spectra. The food composition of small yellow croaker greatly changed from 1985~1986 to 2000, but no significant changes were found from 2000 to 2010. Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus was the predominant diet in 1985~1986, accounting for 45.18% of the total weight of the diets, then was the small sized shrimps. In 2000 and 2010, Euphausia pacifica was the main diet, accounting for 47.28% and 37.20%, respectively, then were Crangon affinis and Leptochela gracilis. In addition, the proportion of Japanese anchovy in food composition increased from 4.67% in 2000 to 10.64% in 2010. The proportions of individuals with gonad development at stage Ⅱ in 2000s were less than those during 2007~2010. The mean catch of small yellow croaker was the highest in the 2000s (excluding summer), but the relative abundance gradually decreased since the 2000s. In addition, the distribution of small yellow croaker gradually migrated northward.The impacts of human activities and environment changes on fishery resource become more and more serious, thus the attribute of small yellow croaker population and its life history characteristics in the Yellow Sea greatly changed. So, variations in biological characteristics of small yellow croaker should be fully considered in fishery resource management and conservation.

Abstract:Effects of temperature on feed intake, growth and digestive enzyme activity of turbot Scophthatmus maximus L. were investigated in high stocking density of closed recirculation aquaculture system. Fish with a mean initial weight of 371.68 ±43.15 g were reared at four different temperatures (14℃, 16℃, 18℃, and 21℃) for 56 days. Three hundred and sixty fish were randomly allotted in four treatments with three replicates for each treatment in a stocking density of 14.20±0.48 kg/m2. The results indicated: (1)Within the temperature of 14～18℃, the feed intake of turbot increased with the increasing temperature, but when the temperature was 21℃, the average daily feed intake of this group was significantly lower than the other three groups(P<0.05). The average daily feed intake of group A, B, and C were significantly higher than D group by 25.65%, 32.26%, and 45.08% respectively (P<0.05). (2)Growth and survival rate of turbot increased first then decreased with the rising temperature. The weight gain rate of group A, B, and C was higher than group D by 75.23%, 91.05%, and 121.18% respectively, while the specific growth rate was 34.29%, 80.00%, and 102.86% respectively.(3)Pepsin activity of turbot first increased with the increasing temperature(14~18℃)and then significantly decreased when the temperature was 21℃(P<0.05). The pepsin activity of group A, B, and C was higher than group D by 116.74%,139.68%, and 202.64% respectively. There was no significant difference in intestinal lipase activity among four groups(P>0.05), while the intestinal amylase activity increased with the increasing temperature, and group D was higher than group C by 10.81%, significantly higher than group B by 59.74% (P<0.05)and significantly higher than group A by 115.79%(P<0.01). This study showed that the optimum temperature for feed intake, growth and digestive enzyme of turbot in high density closed recirculation aquaculture system was 16~18℃ and the feed intake rate was 0.52%～0.55% at the optimum temperature. Water temperature had significant effect on pepsin activity and intestinal amylase activity(P<0.05). According to this result, we suggest that the proper feeding rate is 0.57%~0.61% in actual farming for turbot with body weight of 300~600 g.

Abstract:DNA fingerprinting structure of benthic eukaryotic community and its relations to environmental physical and chemical factors in sea cucumber culture ponds were studied. The DNA fingerprinting structure was measured using PCR-DGGE technique and the physical and chemical factors of sea cucumber ponds were analyzed with general methods. Then the relationship were assessed with cluster analysis. The number of amplified DGGE bands for adult sea cucumber in three culture ponds and juveniles in two ponds were 26, 25, 25 and 20, 20 respectively, which indicated that the ponds culturing adult sea cucumber had richer eukaryotic-diversity. Physical and chemical factors including chlorophyll content, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and dissolved oxygen in sea cucumber culture ponds were 2.037~5.383 μg/L, 0.016~0.039 mg/L, 1.863~3.562 mg/L, 4.06~6.18 mg/L, respectively. All of the physical and chemical factor values in ponds culturing adult sea cucumber were higher than that of ponds culturing juvenile sea cucumber. The result of cluster analysis of environmental physical and chemical factors was similar with that of the benthic eukaryotic community based on PCR-DGGE, which suggested that the benthic eukaryotic community was closely associated with the physical and chemical factors in sea cucumber ponds.

Abstract:During Nov. 2008~Nov. 2010, 20 batches of turbot Scophthalmus maximus, stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus, and perch Perca fluviatilis were respectively collected from some coastal areas of Shandong Province, and the infection of red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIVD) was investigated using PCR method recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health.The result showed that the RSIVD was detected in four samples. Based on the major capsid protein (MCP) gene of the two standard strains of red sea bream iridovirus and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, degenerate primers were designed for PCR, and the MCP gene in the four positive samples were amplified and submitted to GenBank. The phylogenetic tree was drawn, and it was found that all of four isolated virus strains belonged to Megalocytivirus genus of Iridoviridae.

Abstract:In this study three combined methods including microscopic examination, aceto-carmine staining of squash mounting and haematoxylin-eosin staining of histology section of the gonads were adopted to determine the phenotypic sex of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. young fish. Among the 1 217 individuals of turbot young fish (total length 8.3~21.5 cm, wet body weight 9.0~183.9 g), all of the 269 individuals weighting more than 90 g and 790 individuals weighting between 10~90 g could be unambiguously sexed by macroscopic examination of their gonads, whereas the remaining of 154 individuals weighting between 10~90 g and 4 individuals weighting less than 10 g were identified using squash mount preparation and histology section, respectively. The accuracy of the squash mount observation of young fish weighting more than 10 g is up to 100 percent, which was validated by classic histology section. With the validated efficiency and accuracy in the sexing of turbot young fish, the squash mount technique holds out the prospect of considerable improvement in the development of the production technique of all female turbot juvenile.

Abstract:Two lectins with different molecular mass,designated as MSL-I and MSL-II, were isolated from serum of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. The purification procedure consisted of separation on DEAE-Sepharose FF anion exchange column followed by gel filtration chromatography on Superdex 200 10/300 GL. Determination showed that MSL-I and MSL-II had a nature molecular weight of 25,000 and 82,000 respectively.The denatured SDS-PAGE showed that both MSL-I and MSL-II had two bands on the gel. We proposed that MSL-II was constituted with two subunits with molecular mass of 29,000 and 13,600 respectively. The subunit composition of MSL-I was to be further studied. Sugar-binding specificity test showed that glucose, D-galactose, D-fructose, D-xylose, L-arabinose and lactose had inhibitory effect on MSL-II, and among them lactose was most effective.Thermal stability test showed that MSL-II had a strong thermal stability even treated at 60℃ for 30min. The optimum pH of MSL-II was 6~8.

Abstract:Fragments from mitochondrial gene of Exopalaemon carinicauda sampled from three sites(Haizhou Bay, Xiangshan Bay, and Laizhou Bay) were amplified and sequenced. Sixhundred and fifty eight bp COI fragments were obtained.The T,C, A,G,and A+T mean contents in those fragments were 31.53％,22.63％,27.30％,18.53％, and 58.83％ respectively,which were similar to the results of crustaceans and bivalves.Variable sites, nucleotide diversity and average number of nucleotide differences were calculated to analyze the gene sequence variation.The fixation indices(Fst)analyzed by Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) of Arlequin Version 3.1 totaled to 0.361 1(P<0.01),indicated significant genetic fixation among three populations. Among them,the genetic differentiation between Xiangshan Bay and Laizhou Bay was the highest,the lowest between Laizhou Bay and Haizhou Bay.The molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by NJ method using software MEGA 4.0 to study molecular phylogeny of several species of the by Palaemonidae. The phylogenetic tree showed that different haplotypes of E.carinicauda were more closely related to Palaemon and Palaemonetes than to Macrobrachium

Abstract:The response of electronic nose to the flavor change of head and flesh of the shrimp Litopenaeus vanmamei at different preservation time was investigated. Sensory evaluation and analysis of TVB-N and total bacteria count were also provided for comparison. The results showed that the flavor of L.vanmamei changed with the preservation time. The electronic nose was able to distinguish the flavor change of L. vanmamei among different preservation time and the detection result was consistent with that of sensory evaluation, the analysis of TVB-N and total bacteria count. Loadings analysis proved that different sensors have different total contribution rates.Total contribution rate calculated by linear discriminant analysis was higher than that of principal component analysis. The flavors of shrimp head and flesh triggered good responses from the electronic nose. So that both of them can be used in the freshness detection of L.vanmamei by electronic nose.

Abstract:To prevent carry-over contamination, dTTP was replaced by dUTP in PCR detection for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Seven pairs of primers were designed according to the genome sequence of WSSV. The 600~1 800bp DNA fragments were amplified separately. It was found that the utmost length of PCR product is about 1 400bp, when dUTP is used to take place of dTTP.

Abstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate the pectenotoxin (PTX）profiles in seawater. Solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) methods were adopted to adsorb toxins in seawater. The toxins absorption disks (TADs）containing the absorbent were hung at 3m depth in seawater at the sampling locations (36°12.428′N, 120°17.826′E) in Jiaozhou Bay of Yellow Sea from Jul. 28 to Aug. 29, 2006. After 4 days, the disks were taken out and a new disk was hung. The toxins in the resin were washed out with methanol. The methanol fraction was evaporated to dryness, then re-dissolved in 1.0 ml 80% methanol. The 80% methanol solution was analyzed on the LC-MS/MS system. The MS/MS system was equipped with an electrospray ion source (ESI) operating in positive ionization mode. Injection aliquots were separated on a Waters XTerra C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 3.5μm) connected to a C18 pre-column (10 × 2.1 mm, 3.5μm). The mobile phases consisted of 2mmol/L ammonium formate and 50mmol/L formic acid in 95% acetonitrile (mobile phase A) and 2mmol/L ammonium formate and 50mmol/L formic acid in water (mobile phase B). A gradient was run at 0.4ml/min from 35% A to 100% A for 11 min, followed by an isocratic period for 5.5 min at 100% A. The gradient was returned to 35% A over 0.5 min and left to equilibrate at 35% A for 3 min before the next injection.Chromatograms of PTX-2, PTX-2 SA, 7-epi-PTX-2 SA, PTX-11, PTX-12a and PTX-12b of extracts of seawater were given respectively. PTX-2, PTX-2 SA and 7-epi-PTX-2 SA were found in seawater of this area. The highest levels of PTXs (PTX-2, PTX-2 SA,and 7-epi-PTX-2 SA) in seawater were found on Aug. 1st, 2006. From Aug. 1st to Aug. 29th, the levels of PTX-2 and PTX-2 SA decreased. PTX-11, PTX-12a, and PTX-12b were not found in seawater of Jiaozhou Bay， Yellow Sea.

Abstract:A protein named as Y3 was purified from Sinonovacula constrzcta(Lamarck) by the method of buffer extraction (pH 7.5，25 mmol/L Tris-HCl with 0.14 mol/L NaCl), DEAE ion-exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography.The molecular weight was determined as 64kD by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. This protein showed significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Hela and BGC-823.This protein also showed strong scavenging activity on superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl free radical .The scavenging ratio of hydroxyl free radical was up to 92.71% at 100μg/ml, and that of superoxide anion radical was 59.73% at 3μg/ml.

Abstract:The collagen from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus body wall was extracted by pepsin digestion under acidic condition. After separation and purification, the collagen was heated at varied temperatures, and then the biochemical characteristics were determined by the methods of SDS-PAGE and FT-IR scanning. The result indicated that the extracted collagen was of high purity and with integrated triple-helix structure; After being heated at 40 ℃, the secondary structure of the collagen was destroyed, while some primary structure was partially destroyed，with disappearence of α chain and β chain, and the molecular weight of peptide chains reduced(<100kDa); At 70 ℃, the peptide chains began to aggregate and shrink, and the molecular weight increased; Up to 80 ℃, the peptide chains further contracted with 120kDa MW but still maintained some secondary structure; When heated at above 100 ℃, the primary structure of the collagen was destroyed seriously.

Abstract:In this experiment, kelp as raw material was used to study the factors affecting the leach rate of iodine, mannitol and polysaccharides,including temperature, time, pH and solid-liquid ratio. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were done to determine the best leach conditions which was found as 80 ℃,9h,pH 2.0,and at solid-liquid ratio of 1∶30.Under this condition we obtained 0.347 g iodine,29.104 g mannitol,3.502 g polysaccharides in 100g kelp.This experiment will provide reference data for kelp deep processing.

Abstract:The extraction of polysaccharides from Sargassum thunbergii by cellulase hydrolysis and ultrasound was studied. Effects of four factors including ultrasonic power, cellulaseconcentration,extraction time and extraction temperature were discussed. On the basis of single factor analysis, the optimal operation variables were described through orthogonal experiment. Results indicated that influence of factors on the extraction were in the following order: extraction time, extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, and cellulase concentration. The optimal condition for extraction were: 300 W ultrasonic power, 3% cellulase, 50 ℃ and 15 min. Moreover, the cellulase addition increased the extraction rate by 37.03% compared with the control group.

Abstract:Sipunculus nudus juveniles at average body weight of (15.50±0.04) mg were fed diets at seven lipid levels (0.36%, 3.32%, 6.48%, 9.31%, 12.16%, 15.14%, and 18.36%) respectively for 8 weeks to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on their growth performance, body composition and digestive enzyme activities. It was found that lipid levels significantly affected growth performance of juvenile S. nudus (P<0.05). With the increased of dietary lipid levels, the weight growth ratio (WGR) and specific growth ratio (SGR) of peanut worm were firstly increased and then decreased, and when the dietary lipid level was 9.31%, both WGR and SGR produced the maximum value. The regression model analysis showed the best dietary lipid level which could acquire the best WGR was 8.70%.The results of body composition analysis showed that dietary lipid levels had significant effects on body lipid and protein content. Body lipid content increased with increase of dietary lipid. S. nudus fed with 18.36% lipid produced the highest body lipid content, which was significantly higher than those fed on lower lipid levels (0.36%, 3.32%, 6.49%, 9.31% and 12.16%) (P<0.05). There was a downward trend in body protein content with the increase of dietary lipid, and when it reached 18.36%, the body protein content was significantly lower than that those seen in treatments with lower lipid levels (P<0.05). The dietary lipid levels had no significant effects on moisture and ash content of the worm (P>0.05). With the increasing doses of dietary lipid levels, the protease activity and the lipase activity were firstly increased and then decreased. Both protease activity and the lipase activity produced the maximum value when the worms were fed with diet containing 9.31% lipid. But the dietary lipid levels had no significant effects on amylase activity of S. nudus (P>0.05). Based on comprehensive analysis of WGR, it is suggested that the suitable dietary lipid level for juvenile S. nudus is 8.70%.

Abstract:Based on the environmental data surveyed in February，March，July，August，September and November，2009，the temporal and spatial distribution of nutrients and eutrophication level in the seawater of Jiaozhou Bay wetland were studied. It was found that：（1）The regions with higher content of DIN and DIP in the seawater of Jiaozhou Bay wetland were roughly located at the estuary of Dagu River and its adjacent waters，and the horizontal distribution of them were mainly controlled by runoff amount of fresh water.（2）There were apparent seasonal variations of DIN and DIP content in the seawater of Jiaozhou Bay wetland．Basically，their contents were positively related to the input of fresh water，i.e.，the nutrient content was higher in the higher flow period and lower in the lower flow period．（3）The eutrophication level of seawater was higher in Jiaozhou Bay wetland，belonging to potential eutrophication with medium phosphorous limiting．（4）Organic pollution was more serious in the seawater of Jiaozhou Bay wetland，belonging to moderate pollution level．（5）The Dagu River runoff was the main source of nutritional substances such as nitrogen，phosphorous etc．Too much nitrogen and phosphorous in the seawater had caused the eutrophication．Effective measures should be adopted to solve this striking environmental problem．

Abstract:To investigate the food safety risk, toxic and harmful substances in shellfish of Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao，was determined and analyzed for three years. Nearly 300 shellfish samples in 34 culture zones in Jiaozhou Bay were collected，and the total number of bacterial colony, Escherichia coli, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP), lead, copper, and cadmium were determined. The total number of bacterial colony, PSP, DSP, lead and cadmium were not detected, indicating that these shellfish met the safe standard for edible seafood. However, the microbial indicator such as E. coli exceeded the standard.According to the monitoring and the assessment results following the cultured shellfish quality index method (Sj), the shellfish in Jiaozhou Bay meets the national food safety standard. However, more attention should be paid to the pollutants in seawater of Jiaozhou Bay,in order to ensure the sea food safety.

Abstract:The sodium alginate pyrolysis products were obtained through H2O2 oxidation. The effect of the main component (HDX-A, molecular weight over 6 kDa)on the quality of cryo-preserved peeled white leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei was studied. It was found that HDX-A effectively prevented water and nutrition losses of the frozen white leg shrimp after being marinated in 1% alginate pyrolysis solution. The effect improved with the increase of HDX-A concentration and the marinating time. The cooking loss of the frozen white leg shrimp could be obviously declined by lower than 20% by HDX-A. The cooking loss of the sample that marinated in the 1.5% HDX-A solution was about 15.6% after being frozen for 120 days, which was significantly less than the control (P<0.05). The rheological parameters such as break strength and viscoelasticity of the frozen white leg shrimp were improved by HDX-A through increasing the water holding capacity. HDX-A would be used as a replacement for phosphate compound in frozen white leg shrimp for improving quality.

Abstract:Aquatic eco-toxicity of drilling fluid for petroleum exploration in Chad Lake oildom was evaluated and graded using Brachydanio rerio as the common biomarker in aquatic toxicology and the Misgurnus anguillicaudatus as the dominant species, by the methods of 96h acute toxicity test for aquatic organism and toxicity unit (TUa). The results showed that Sample 1 had no acute toxicity effects on B. rerio and M. anguillicaudatus,in contrast, Sample 2 had a low-level toxicity to both of them. The 96h LC50 of B. rerio and M. anguillicaudatus stressed by Sample 2 were 42,362mg/L and 50,861mg/L with the TUa 2.36 and 1.97 respectively.The comparison of the components of two samples showed that by the addition of an additive named JHBA-2(a kind of hypo-fluorescencent white asphalt), the toxicity of Sample 2 was many times higher than Sample 1.This indicates that JHBA-2 has a severe eco toxicity, thus it should be abandoned or substituted by something low toxic or nonpoisonous in research and development.

Abstract:Maoctra veneriformis is abundant, low priced with high nutritive value and medical value while easy to deteriorate and pollute the environment. Compared to other Molluscs, high contents of protein and tasty amino acids in M. veneriformis are the striking feature. According to the scientific prescription and advanced sterilization technique, mixed with soup and sake at different ratio to keep the initial color and flavor, a series of M. veneriformis products were graded and optimized from factors collection to evaluation collection according to its quality by Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. M. veneriformis after purification in uni-algae flowing were used to make bagged M. veneriformis products in its original flavor and they reached the export standard.