Abstract:Based on the data collected from the central and southern Yellow Sea in 2006, the fish community composition, spatio-temporal niche width, spatio-temporal niche overlap and the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods. Results showed that there were 57 species in total in four seasons, of which 39 species were caught in winter, spring 42, summer 31 and autumn 40 species. There were 22 common species appearing in each reason, which belonged to 14 families and 20 genera. The value of temporal-spatial niche breadth was higher than one, followed by descending order of 10 species which were Lophius litulon, Pseudosciaena pohyactis, Stromateoides argenieus, Myctophum pterotum, Trichiurus muticus, Erisphex pottii, Liparis tanakae, Astroconger myriaster, Argyrosomus argentatus and Trichiurus haumela. The biomass of 10 species was increased by season changing in the central and southern Yellow Sea. The spatio-temporal niche overlap value was highest between L. tanakae and Conger myriaster and lowest between Trichiurus japonicus and C. myriaster. Lophius litulon was found to have the maximum value of spatio-temporal niche width, whereas Engraulis japonicus had the maximum value of IRI. Therefore the ranking of importance of main species in the community was different. Compared with the IRI, the spatio-temporal niche width can reflect the evenness of fish biomass at different time and space and reflect the changes of fish community in more detail.

Abstract:sing the otoliths, the age and growth characteristics of Lophius.litulon in north of the East China Sea and south of the Yellow Sea were primarily studied from march, 2007 to may, 2009. The results showed that the age group of L.litulon was from 1 to 5 a, and they were mainly composed by young fishes which ranged f rom 1 to 2 years old. The relationship between body length( L ) and weight( W) was W=1.55897×10-5L3.10865; the relationship between the radius of otolith and body length was L=244.1R-210.6; the growth pattern can be described by von Bertalanffy equation as Lt = 749.9 [ 1 – e -0.349 ( t + 0.256 ) ], Wt = 13496.4 [ 1 - e – 0.349 ( t + 0.256) ] 3.10865. The max age was 8.377 a, and the age of growth turning point was 2.99 a, and the corresponding body length and body weight were 508.8mm and 4038.7 g respectively. For the purpose of resource conservation, fishing of L.litulon should be limited to the individuals with body length of 500 mm below.

Abstract:In this study, the contents of nutritious composition were measured in muscles of diploid and gynogenetic diploid of juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus. The content of moisture, crude protein, lipid and crude ash was analyzed. The composition and content of amino acids and fatty acids were examined. The differences in muscles of male and female diploids, and gynogenetic diploid were studied by statistical analysis. The results showed that the content of crude protein in the muscles of P. olivaceus was at a high level, achieving 21.3%. The content of glutamic acid, which is one of important tasty amnio acids, is highest among that of containing 18 amnio acids, accounted for 2.9% of total amino acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were sufficient in P. olivaceus muscles. There were no significant differences in muscle nutrient content either between female and male individuals (P>0.05) or between diploid and gynogenetic diploid individuals (P>0.05). In conclusion, the muscle of P. olivaceus is full of nutrition. It is revealed that the gynogenetic diploid individuals have equally absolute and balanced nutrient level with the diploid individuals. Gynogenesis has no bad effect on fish muscle nutrient.

Abstract:Schlegel's rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli), distributed in the western North Pacific, is an important offshore cage-culture fish species in the Yellow Sea and Bo-hai Sea of China. Schlegel's rockfish juvenile(TL=55.2mm, 99.0mm, short in SJ and LJ, respectively) were exposed to seawater containing different concentrations of 2-Phenoxyethanol from 200mg/L to 800mg/L, clove oil from 10mg/L to 80mg/L. The respiratory rates and anaesthetic effect of 2-Phenoxyethanol and clove oil were studied. Normally, the respiratory rate of SJ(22.8/10s) was higher than LJ(19.7/10s). The respiratory rate descended remarkably(P<0.001) as the anaesthetic concentration ascended: it would be descended to 0 in short time(shock stage) in high concentration(2-Phenoxyethanol: 500, 600, 800μL/L; clove oil: 60, 80μL/L), descended in different levles in middle concentration (2-Phenoxyethanol: 400μL/L; clove oil: 30、40μL/L), and it has affected mildly in low concentration (2-Phenoxyethanol: 200, 300μL/L; clove oil: 10, 20μL/L). The effects on respiratory rate of SJ were more remarkable than of LJ in the same concentrations (P<0.01). The anaesthetic time, shock time and recovery time of LJ were longer than SJ in 2-Phenoxyethanol. The anti-anaesthetic ability of LJ was stronger than SJ. In recovery ability, the LJ recoveried later than SJ in clove oil seawater, but there was not the similar phenomenon been seen in 2-Phenoxyethanol. By thought of anaesthetic time, shock time, recovery time and mortality, the optimum concentrations of 2-Phenoxyethanol and clove oil were 300μL/L, 20μL/L for use.

Abstract:The present study investigated pharmacokinetics and residues of nitrite in Carassius auratus. Simultaneously, the impact of chlorine and bromine ion absorption was studied. C. auratus exposed to nitrite at a concentration of 60 mg/L bath water for 10d at 18±2℃. The concentration of the drug in the serum and muscle could be described as a two compartmental open model, the main pharmacokinetics parameters are t1 /2α, t1 /2β; AUC, Cl ( s): 0.92 d, 1.50 d; 5.36 d, 7.98 d; 0.72 d*mg/L(kg), 1.10 d*mg/L(kg); 83.1 mg/L(kg)/d, 54.7 mg/L(kg)/d. The limit of quantification（LQ）was 0.01 mg/kg. The linear plots were obtained, r=0.9999. Average recoveries were between 78.0%～93.7% with RSD values between 4.88%～9.17.%. According to the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.02 mg/kg in muscle, the withdrawal period should not be less than 10 d under this experiment condition in C. auratus at the water temperature of 18 ±2℃. The other results showed the groups appended NaCl, NaBr were lower than only nitrite solution in three tissues. The groups appended NaCl was lowest. The results showed that effect of Cl- was better compared with Br-, and chlorine and bromine ion could reduce nitrite toxicity.

Abstract:Influence of different bombayduck (Harpadon nehereus) organs on the formaldehyde content of muscle was studied. Kidney was proved to have the highest formaldehyde producing activity among the organs. An extract was obtained from the kidney. Trimethylamine-N-oxide can be decomposed to formaldehyde and dimethylamine by the extract. The optimum catalyzing conditions of the extract were found to be 50℃，pH=7 by the responding surface method(RSM), and it can be inactivated by the trichloroacetic acid to lose the ability of decomposing trimethylamine-N-oxide. The extract shows typical enzyme properties in different temperature and pH value. There was a stable ratio between formaldehyde and dimethylamine which ranged from 1.6-1.8. All above explain why there was formaldehyde in the bombayduck and proved that some formaldehyde was endogenous.

Abstract:The orthogonal design L16(45) was used to optimize SRAP-PCR amplification system in marine shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis on four levels of five factors (Taq DNA polymerase, Mg2+, DNA template, dNTP, and primer). The results showed that the optimum concentrations were 1.0 U Taq enzyme, 2.0 mM Mg2+, 40.0 ng DNA template, 0.125 mM dNTP and 0.4 μM primer, respectively in this 20 μL SRAP-PCR system., and the annealing temperature was 53.5 ℃ via setting temperature gradient. Significant effects of each factor in different levels were observed and the concentration of Mg2+ was the most dominant factor affecting the result of PCR, while Taq polymerse, primer, dNTP, and template DNA followed in terms of dominance. Then, the established amplification system was used to analyze the genetic diversity of the 12th generation of selected new variety “Huanghai No.1” of F. chinensis. As a result, 171 bands were generated with 8 primer sets, of which 154 bands were polymorphic bands, accounting for 90.08%. The effective number of alleles, genetic diversity and Shannon's information index were counted as 1.7741, 0.4219 and 0.6055, respectively. The parameters mentioned above were higher than those reported by authors applying AFLP technique.l

Abstract:To study the difference in morphological characters of the Scapharca broughtonii Schrenck between Jiangsu population and Tonguing population, data for this were collected randomly from the two populations. The shell length（X1）,shell height（X2）,shell width（X3）,Umbo length（X4）,Outer ligament length（X5）,Dorsal edge length（X6）,Radial rib length（X7）,and the live body weight（Y）were measured individually. The correlation between the phenotypic data and the body weight, the direct and indirect effect of body size to body weight were analysed by using correlation analysis and path analysis, and then to establish the regression equation by the morphological characters using as independent variables and the body weight as dependent variable. The results show that correlation coefficients between each phenotypic traits and body weight are all significantly fifferent（ P＜0.01）in the two populations. The shell length（X1） and shell width（X3） give predominant direct and determination indirect on the body weight of Jiangsu population, while for the Tongying population the shell length（X1） and the shell height（X2） are the key factors to affect the body weight. Eliminate the inconspicuousness factor, and establish the multiple regression equation for the the two bloody clam as : 1)For Jiangsu population Y= -77.05+1.366X1+1.306X3;2)For Tongying population Y=-108.22+1.979X1+0.964X2. This study provided a theoretical basis for bloody clam breeding and morphologic study.

Abstract:The Ruditapes philippinarum high efficient eco-culture in the high area of dam inning zone of Putian city of Fujian province was studied for the period 2007 to 2008.The average size of Ruditapes philippinarum was 115 individuals per kilogram，the grain yield was 6247.5 kilograms per hectare.It can increase 28 % economic efficiency than traditional culture pattern. The results showed that the phytoplankton community was mainly composed of 34 species.The most dominant species were Skeletonema costatum，Prorocentrum sigmoides，Prorocentrum lima，Nitzschiella closterium，Prorocentrum micans. It dominated by Skeletonema costatum.The overwhelming dominance of this species lasted for more than five months.The cells abundance were between 0.02×104 cells/L and 190×104 cells/L in the different months. High cells abundance of phyplankton occurred in Nov. 2007 and Mar. 2008. Low cells abundance of phyplankton occurred in Jan. and Feb. 2008. The temperature，transparency，inorganic nitrogen，inorganic phosphorus，dissolved oxygen，chemical oxygen demand，species diversity values and evenness index of phytoplanktons were used to analyze the characteristics of community structure of phytoplanktons in the investigation area.Long term artificial fertilizing in eutrophic aquatic ecosystem had effected the phytoplankton species composition， it led to the elevation of the species diversity values and the decline of evenness of phyplankton. The dominant species were remarkable.Only few dominant species，such as Skeletonema costatum which was favourable diet for Ruditapes philippinarum increased rapidly.It was helpful to increase the yield of Ruditapes philiPpinarum.

Abstract:Artificial reef for Apostichopus japonicus cultivation were made of blue net, white gauze, green gauze, PE wove cloth, tiles and stones, and then various ecological factors were studies, including biomass of benthic algae, DO and nutrient salt of water, the locality and depth of artificial reef for Apostichopus japonicus cultivation in pond. The results are as follows:It was quite large that the biomass of benthic algae attached on dark-colored blue net and green gauze or when the water with a depth of less than 150cm; the biomass of small benthic algae was quite large on PE wove cloth and tiles; while large benthic diatom are likely adhesion on large hole net, for example blue net, white gauze and green gauze. High correlation was demonstrated between DO of bottom water and biomass of benthic algae, the coefficient being 0.8833. Although The NO3--N in the water was comparatively large that the coefficient of NO3--N was extremely small than NH4+-N of bottom water with biomass of benthic algae. The coefficient of NH4+-N of bottom water was comparatively large(0.7176) with biomass of benthic algae. Coefficient between PO43--P and biomass of benthic algae was the middle. Materials, setting way and water depth of artificial reef were key techniques and conditions culture Apostichopus japonicus in pond. It showed remarkable ecoeffects in ecosystem of a Apostichopus japonicus pond.

Abstract:Studies were conducted on the pharmacokinetics of rhein in Apostichopus japonicus. Coelomic fluid, respiratory trees, muscle and integument were sampled after coelomic injecting with a single dose of rhein 5.33mg/kg. The contents of rhein were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the peak time (Tmax), elimination half-time (T1/2b) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in Coelomic fluid, respiratory trees, muscle and integument were as follows: Tmax 0.26, 0.67, 0.54 and 0.88h ; T1/2b6.24, 26.1, 71.48 and 8.93h; AUC 69.29, 105.6, 132.38 and 20.99mg/L*h. The concentration-time course of rhein in coelomic fluid, respiratory trees and muscle could be described by a two-compartment model, except for the course in integument being described by a one-compartment model. These results are suggesting that rhein can reach the peak time with a high speed absorption in Apostichopus japonicus after injection, while it is slowly metabolized with a long elimination half-time. Rhein is mainly excreted from respiratory trees.

Abstract:Water-extracts of radial nerves from the starfish and dithiothreitol (DTT) were used to induce the oocyte maturation of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (slenka). Although radial nerve extracts failed to induce oocyte maturation in the sea cucumber, breakdown of germinal vesicles and subsequent meiotic behavior of chromosomes were induced by the treatment with DTT. Oocytes of the sea cucumber A. japonicus are arrested at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage and do not start maturation spontaneously, after being treated with DTT for 20 min, the GV begins to migrate to the animal pole of the oocyte, then the GV breaks down, that is called germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Meiosis of the oocyte reinitiated and two polar bodies protrude out successively. DTT with the condensation of 10-1 mol/L to 10-5 mol/L can successfully induce GVBD. Maturation ratio can reach to 90% when the condensation of the DTT solution is 10-2 mol/L, oocytes induced to maturation can be fertilized, while they can not develop normally.

Abstract:Analysis of fatty acids of Phaeodactylum tricornutum at different growth phases (exponential , the end of exponential, stationary and death phase) , indicated that the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in total fatty acid peaked at the end of the exponential growth phase. The gene expression pattern of Δ5 desaturase at different growth phases of P. tricornutum was analyzed by Real-Time quantitative PCR. The results showed that it was most highly expressed at exponential growth phase . In order to study the effects of temperature on the growth and fatty acids composition in the microalgae . Phaeodactylum tricornutum was cultured in batch with varied temperatures .Its growth and fatty acids composition were examined. The results showed that the alga grows fast at higher temperatures than at the lower ones, the higher the temperature the faster the growth of the alga. The main fatty acids were C14:0、C16:0、C16:lΔ9、cl8:lΔ9、c18:2Δ9,12、 C20:5n3 (EPA).The percentile content of fatty acids increased first and then decreased to the highest.Microalgal cell which was cultured in 15℃ had the higher content EPA(25.71%).

Abstract:The effective three-phase statistical method was used to optimize the fermentation conditions for the catalase production by Aeromonas sp.CE-2-A in order to enhance the enzyme activity. The content of maltose，beef extract，calcium chloride and magnesium chloride in fermentation medium was firstly screened with single factor experiment. Based on this, eight factors that affected the enzyme production were evaluated by Plackett-Burman (PB) designing method. It was shown that the medium volume, beef extract content and original pH had great influence on the catalase activity of strain CE-2-A. The effects of three factors on the enzyme activity produced by the strain were observed by Box-Behnken experiment. The result of fermentation optimization was as follows: medium volume 42.6 mL, beef extract content 3.69 g/L, original pH 9.1, and the enzymatic activity of catalase after optimization in shaking flasks was improved from 1849.7 U/mL to 2532.5 U/mL, increasing by 36.9% compared with initial fermentation conditions before the optimization.

Abstract:In order to improve feeding automation and industrialization, auto-feeding system suited for aquaculture feeding management of deep water net cage is designed and developed. Based on configuration software (Monitor and Control Generated System) which supplied for redevelopment. The system is used PLC as control core and built communication between personal computer and PLC. The working principle and design framework of auto feeding system is introduced, working process and program design of PLC controlling system are described, system configuring process based on MCGS configuration software is explained. The experiment results show that system has the advantage of stable performance, high reliability, friendly man-machine interface, convenient operation. Functions of feeding control animation display system condition monitoring permission management history data output, printing were realized.

Abstract:In this paper, chemotaxis of Vibrio harveyi TS-628 strain was studied by drop assay and capillary assay. The study of chemotaxis of V.harveyi to muscle extract, cutaneous mucus, intestinal mucus, serum of Epinephelus awoara showed that V. harveyi displayed stronger chemotaxis to muscle extract than to other tissues and the chemotaxis of V. harveyi was remarkably affected by temperature, pH and NaCl concentration. Furthermore, chemotaxis of V. harveyi to 18 kinds of amino acid of E. awoara muscle was studied, the results indicated that V. harveyi had strong chemotaxis to many kinds of amino acid and the most attractive amino acid was Val. However，the concentration of amino acid also affected the chemotaxis of V. harveyi.

Abstract:The effect of Cu2+ on the growth of argassum thunbergii argassum thunbergii different growth periods of Syoung sporophyte was investigated. Both early and late Sargassum thunbergii young sporophyte were very sensitive to Cu2+. For early Sargassum thunbergii young sporophyte, Above 5 ug/Lof Cu2+ concentration, growth of young sporophytes were seriously inhibited. when Cu2+ concentration reach or exceed 250ug/L, young sporophytes could hardly grow. For late Sargassum thunbergii, Above 10 ug/Lof Cu2+ concentration, growth of young sporophytes were seriously inhibited. 1ppb of Cu2+ concentration accelerated the growth. 50 ug/L and higher concentrations of Cu2+ made the young sporophytes grow slowly or cease to grow. Due to the special structure and function characteristics, rhizoid was not sensitive to Cu2+. At the beginning of Cu2+ treatment, rhizoid still presented fast growed.

Abstract:Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is a characteristic breed in China fishery, its cultivation is continuously expanding at present but its processing is urgently awaiting reinforcement. Research situation for deep processing of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus was summed up in this paper, which included its analysis of nutrient ingredient, its research of active substances, its exploitation of convenient food and so on. The situation in the development of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus industry was analyzed also while the development trend and the prospect forecast for deep processing of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were discussed in order to provide reference for deep processing of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.