Abstract:his paper presents the result of research on embryonic development of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus by means of artificial propagation and incubation in lightly aerated seawater. Fertilized eggs of starry flounder were isolated and spherical, contained no oil globules, and were buoyant in sea water.The egg membrane was thin, smooth, transparent and elastic. The mean size of eggs was 0.66-0.70 mm in diameter before absorbing water and 0.91-1.06 mm after fertilization and water absorption. According to the appearance and characteristics of the embryo, embryonic development was divided into 11 consecutive periods: cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrulae stage, neurula stage, blastopore closed, formation of optic vesicle and somite, tail bud forming, formation of crystal, formation of otocyst, pre hatching stage, hatching stage. In 11±0.5℃ sea water, larvae hatched at about 101 h after fertilization. The total length of the post hatch larvae was 2.3-2.5 mm. The long diameter of yolk sac was 1075~125mm and short diameter was 060~0675 mm.

Abstract:Based on the sampling of zooplankton in autumn 2006 and spring 2007 in southern and central Yellow Sea, seasonal and spatial variations of size, fat, C∶N ratio and energy content of the zooplanktons were analyzed. There were no significant difference in energy content, fat content and C∶N ratio among the zooplankton of different size groups. Fat content (P<0.05) and energy content (P<0.01) of the zooplankton showed significant seasonal difference in central Yellow Sea, and the values in spring were higher than those in autumn. There was no spatial difference in fat content, but the spatial difference in energy content and C∶N ratio was significant. There were significant linear relationships between fat content (in spring P<0.01) and C∶N ratio (P<0.01 in autumn and spring), energy content and C∶N ratio (P<0.01 in autumn and spring), and water content and energy (P<001 in autumn and spring), respectively.

Abstract:RAPD technique was used to analyze the genetic diversity of forty eight fish samples from the first generation of introduced Paralichthys lethostigma. Twenty five primers screened from 40 10bp primers produced highly repetitive and steady bands. 154 DNA fragments were identified, of which 79.22% (122 fragments) were polymorphic. The mean effective number of alleles per locus was 1.562 9±0.363 1,Nei’s gene diversity index was 0.318 4±0.184 3, and Shannon's information index was 0.465 1±0.257 4. All the results indicated that P. lethostigma had high genetic variability.

Abstract:The biological characteristics of bacteria isolated from oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus L. were examined, including morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity. In addition, the 16S rRNA gene were partially sequenced and compared with sequences listed in databases; molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed. The results showed that the eight pure strains（HQ050226-1 to HQ050226-4 and HQ050227-1 to HQ050227-4）belonged to Vibrios (V. harveyi). The sequenced 16S rRNA gene of strain HQ050226-1 (GenBank accession No. EF635305) was 1463bp in length, the sequenced 16S rRNA gene of strain HQ050227-1 (GenBank accession No. EF635306) was 1464bp in length, and exhibited high similarity (98% and 99%) to the 16S rRNA gene of V. harveyi from GenBank database. Antibiotic sensitivity using 37 antimicrobial agents showed that isolates were resistant to 4 agents including penicillin G，but were sensitive to 33 agents including cefazolin.

Abstract:Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain Bd 9913 was identified using 16S rDNA universal primers 63F and 842R. The lytic ability of Bd 9913 on shrimp pathogenic bacterial agents, Vibrio alginolysticus and V. parahaemolyticus, and a standard strain of Escherichia coli was investigated respectively. The safety of Bd109-J and Bd 9913 to postlarvae of white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei,was demonstrated in two weeks after oral administration of 30 105 PFU/ml Bdellovibrios mixed 1∶1(v/w) with commercial feed Disinfection effect of Vibrioes in shrimp water was compared between chemical disinfectant treatment (0.3mg/L chloride and/or iodide) and Bdellovibrios addition (30×105 PFU/ml). Results indicated that the later showed great advantage to the former in keeping the concentration of live vibrios at a safe level twice as long (20 days). Furthermore,advantage was also shown when Bdellovibrios rather than chemical treatment was used to control shrimp vibrio infection in the outdoor intensive shrimp ponds.

Abstract:The survivorship and activity of lysozyme, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in hemolymph of “Huanghai No. 1” and wild population of Fenneropenaeus chinensis,when they were exposed to different concentrations of Ammonia N,were studied. The result showed that the 24hLC50, 48hLC50, 72hLC50 and safe concentration of “Huanghai No. 1” were higher than the wild population. When ammonium chloride was 8 mg/ L in the culture system, the alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities of “Huanghai No. 1”were much lower than the wild population of F. chinensis (P<0.01). When the concentration of ammonium chloride was 16 mg/ L in the culture water, lysozyme activity of “Huanghai No. 1”was higher than the wild population (P<0.05) and alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity of “Huanghai No.1”was lower than the wild population (P<0.05). When the concentration of ammonium chloride was 32mg/ L in the culture water, lysozyme and phenoloxidase activity of “Huanghai No. 1” was much higher (P<0.01) and superoxide dismutase activity of “Huanghai No.1”was higher (P<0.05) than the wild population, and phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities of “Huanghai No.1”were lower than the wild population (P<0.05). When the concentration of ammonium chloride was 64mg/ L in the culture water, superoxide dismutase activity of “Huanghai No.1”was much higher than the wild population (P<0.01). When the concentration of ammonium chloride was 128mg/ L in the culture water, there were no obvious differences between the two populations. It was suggested that the anti disease ability of selected “Huanghai No.1” was better than the wild population at a range of low concentrations of Ammonia-N.

Abstract:The genetic diversity of cultured Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus from three countries (China, Japan and Korea) was studied by using five microsatellite markers. The results showed that the average number of alleles per population ranged between 4.8-5.6, and the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.391 7-0.564 3, while the mean expected heterozygosity (HE) was 0.598 1-0.626 4.Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) test revealed several loci in some populations deviated significantly from HWE balance. Genetic distance analysis showed that the smallest distance was between Chinese and Japanese populations and the largest distance was between Korean and Japanese populations. The Fst values between populations indicated that there was significant genetic differentiation among the three cultured populations.

Abstract:A single factor experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary vitamin E on growth（feed efficiency ratio（FER），specific growth rate（SGR） and survival rate（SR））and nonspecific immunity（lysozyme activity，total complement activity and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity） of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus L.， Five iso nitrogenous and iso energetic diets at levels of 0.1，25.3，51.0，102.8 and 203.2mg/kg vitamin E were fed twice a day（07∶30 and 16∶30）. Triplicated groups of 20 fish at initial body weight of about 151g were fed with the diets in the levels for 8 weeks. The experiment was done in floating net cages（1.5 m×1.0 m×1.0 m）. Results indicated that the feed efficiency ratio，specific growth rate and survival rate increased significantly with the increase of vitamin E supplement level in diet after 8 weeks of the feeding trial，the optimal vitamin E for growth of red drum was about 102.8mg/kg；the lysozyme activity and total complement activity of serum in red drum increased significantly with the increase of vitamin E supplement level in diet，and the red drum had the maximal level of lysozyme activity and total complement activity when fed by 102.8 and 25.3 mg/kg VE ，then the change of lysozyme and total complement activity were not significant；the SOD activity of serum in red drum increased significantly with the increase of vitamin E supplement level in diet，and the red drum had the maximal level of SOD activity when fed by 102.8mg/kg VE then decreased significantly.Ingeneral，it was showed that the optimal vitamin E for red drum growth was about 102.8mg/kg.

Abstract:The electrophoretograms of isozymes from adductor muscle of Patinopecten yessoensis were analyzed by vertical polyactylamide gel electrophoresis．Results showed that there were 17 loci by detecting 8 isozymes (MDH，ADH，ME，SOD，EST，GDH，SDH，α AMY) in white scallops and brown scallops. Among the recorded loci，7 loci (Sod 2，s Mdh 1，Est 2，Est 3，Sdh 1，α Amy 2，α Amy 5) and 6 loci (Sod 2，s Mdh 1，Est 2，Sdh 1，α Amy 2，α Amy 5) were polymorphic in white and brown scallops, and the mean proportion of polymorphic loci (P) was 4118 % and 3529 %．The mean effective number of alleles per locus (Ae) was 1.142 1 and 1104 0, the mean expected heterozygosity per locus (He) was 0091 9 and 0067 4, and the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0127 5 and 0090 7. In the mean time, the deviation indexes from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (d) of the polymorphic loci were calculated, both of them showed the absence of heterozygosity. The genetic variability of white scallops was higher than those of brown scallops, which had a better growth potential during the further selection. We conclude that white scallops have batter potential a for further selection and breeding. At the same time, we found the dissimilarity of activity and polymorphism in Est 3 between white scallops and brown scallops, and it can be used as the genetic marker of variation.

Abstract:Epidemic of noroviruses (NV) was monitored in three major bivalve species on sale in the markets in three districts of Qingdao during Jan. 2006~Jan. 2007. Results showed that the positive rate of NV infection was 101％ in 208 samples of Crassostrea gigas, 53％ in 169 samples of Scapharca subcrenata, and no positive samples were detected in 169 samples of Venerupis variegate. Furthermore, the seasonal epidemic of NV happens mostly in winter from November to March, and NV was usually detected in the alimentary canal.

Abstract:The paper aims at the toxic effect of water accomodated fractions (WAFs) of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants such as No.0 diesel oil, maritime diesel oil and maritime heavy fuel oil on eggs, sperms and embryos of sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus by adopting embryonic development technology. The results indicate that the fertilization rate decreased and time delayed with the increasing concentration of WAFs. The sperms were more sensitive to the three kinds of oil WAFs than the eggs, which can be taken as indicator organism. The three kinds of oil dispersions inhibited the development from fertilized eggs to 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 cell and blastocyst stage. The effect increase along with the growth of embryos and oil concentration. Toxicity of the oils is in the order of No.0diesel oil> maritime diesel oil> maritime fuel oil. And meanwhile an analysis on the components has been carried out by way of GC-MS.

Abstract:Effects of temperature and metallic cations on the synthesis of polyinosinic polycytidylic acid were tested to improve its structure. The results showed significant hypochromic effects of polyI:C formed at 45℃，which indicated that the best combination of polyI:C were achieved at this temperature, while the metallic cations including Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Mn2+ and Zn2+ could enhance the polyI:C combination. 0085mol/L PolyI:C combination achieved saturation when Na+ concentration was, and the divalent cations including Ca2+、Mg2+、Mn2+ and Zn2+ played positive effect on the combination. However, Cu2+ tend to destroy the double stranded structure. It is suggested that polyI:C should be made at 45℃ and suitable concentration of Na+ and Ca2+should be added to make its structure more tight in order to avoid RNase’s digesting. This result is useful for synthesizing polyI:C at a high quality.

Abstract:In our “Pearl Oyster Breeding scheme, POBs”, two geographical populations of pearl oyster，Pinctada martensii from India (IN) and Sanya (SY,China), respectively, were selected as basic populations to establish two specialized lines and to constitute a hybrid breeding

Abstract:The fatty acid composition in muscle and hepatopancres of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in sea water and low salinity water respectively with the same kind of feed were analyzed.The results showed that,(1)in muscle,the total PUFA contents were significantly higher on Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in sea water than that cultured in low salinity water,however the total MUFA contents were significantly lower on Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in sea water than that cultured in low salinity water,no significant differences were found on total SAFA contents between the two treatments(P＞0.05）.The total ω3 fatty acid contents were lower(P＜0.05) and total ω6 fatty acid contents were significantly higher(P＜0.05)on seawater cultured ones,the ω3/ω6 rate was significantly lower on seawater cultured ones(P＜0.05);(2)in hepatopancres,the total PUFA,MUFA and SAFA contents were significantly higher on Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in sea water,comparing with the low salinity water cultured ones,the total ω3 fatty acid contents were significantly higher(P＜0.05) and total ω6 fatty acid contents were significantly lower(P＜0.05) on sea water cultured ones,the ω3/ω6 rate was significantly higher on seawater cultured ones(P＜0.05) .

Abstract:Biofilter is the key water treatment unit of marine RAS(Recirculating Aquaculture System), and it plays an important role in water soluble nitrogen removal. A pilot scale experiment study was systematically carried out with synthetic aquaculture wastewater. The performances of ammonia removal in start up and steady state period were examined in the marine biofilters packed with bamboo medium. The hydraulic retention time, temperature, gas/water ratio, C/N and pH were 1 hour, 18~25℃, 3∶1, 3∶1 and 8.05～8.53, respectively. Results showed that marine biofilter packed with bamboo substrate enabled the nitrifying bacteria to grow rapidly, and the number of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria was 4.5×105 CFU/ml、1.5×105 CFU/ml（smooth） and 1.1×106 CFU/ml（crude） in steady state period, respectively. The ammonia removal rate of biofilter was highly efficient. The ammonia nitrogen concentration in the effluent of bamboo biofilters was below 0.06 mg/L, which was much lower than the toxic leve

Abstract:Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) gene was amplified from the total RNA of Acanthopagrus latus. The PCR product was subcloned into expression vector pQE30 and was subsequently transformed into E. coli M15 with IPTG inducement to be expressed. The recombinant protein was purified with Ni2+ chelating sepharose FF chromatography and the renaturation of the recombinant protein was subjected to gradient dialysis. The results of SDS PAGE and Western Blot analysis proved that the recombinant IL 1β with a molecular weight of 21kD was successfully expressed. The head kidney leucocytes of A. latus were isolated by using a discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation and the density of 1.080g/ml was suitable for the isolation of head kidney leucocytes. The cultured head kidney leucocytes of the A. latus were stimulated by different final concentrations of rIL-1β and 5μg/ml LPS. The total RNA of the leucocytes was extracted after 4 h at 23℃. The RT PCR revealed that rIL 1β could up regulate the transcription of IL-1β at 20ng/ml and was equivalent to the effect of 5μg/ml LPS. The rIL-1β of A. latus showed efficacious bioactivity.

Abstract:Acute toxicity of triazophos, acephate and dichlorvos on Mytilus coruscus juveniles were studied in aquaculture laboratory of Zhejiang Ocean University in August 2007. The result indicated that the median lethal concentrations (LC50) of triazophos at 24,48,72 and 96hours to Mytilus coruscus juveniles were 105065 mg/L,103518 mg/L,102057mg/L and 97150 mg/L, respectively. LC50 of acephate at 24,48,72 and 96hours to Mytilus coruscus juveniles were 1 537437mg/L,1493609mg/L,1 433898 mg/L and1 357158mg/L, LC50 of acephate at 24,48,72 and 96hours to Mytilus coruscus juveniles were 3796 mg/L,3612 mg/L,3347 mg/L and 3067 mg/L. At the same time,it is discovered that the safety concentrations(SC) of triazophos, acephate and dichlorvos on Mytilus coruscus juveniles were 9715 mg/L,135716 mg/L and 0307 mg/L. So the toxicity of the three pesticides to Mytilus coruscus juveniles ranked as dichlorvos＞triazophos＞acephate.Finally,the acute toxicity effects, death jump characteristics and SC of triazophos, acephate and dichlorvos on Mytilus coruscus juveniles were discussed.

Abstract:A toxin, named RE 5 6，was isolated, purified and characterized from the tentacles of Rhopilema esculentum by Sephadex G 10 gel filtration and SP Sephadex C 25. The molecular weight was 662 kD. RE 5 6 showed hemolytic activity to chicken blood; its analgesic effect to mice was significant and intensified with concentration increasing; it showed medium or low level stimulation the skin and eyes of mice; it also inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. No serine protease inhibiting activity was revealed by the examination. KEY WORDSJellyfish Rhopilema esculentumToxinHaemolytic activity

Abstract:This paper aimed at the kinetic character of moisture desorption isotherms, the relationships between unfrozen water and freezing point and thermodynamic of red sea bream Chrysophrys major Temminck et Schlegel. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and water vapor pressure capacitance manometer were applied to study the water activity (aw), enthalpy of water fusion (ΔHf) and freezing point. Experimental data were modeled by the Guggenheim Anderson de Boer (GAB) and the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET). Moisture desorption isotherms of red sea bream exhibited the sigmoid (Type II) shape. The GAB model gave the better fit (R2=0991 5) to the experimental sorption data for a wide range of water activity (013~098) while the BET model gave the worse fit (R2=0982 5) for a water activity range of less than 090. Monolayer moisture content was computated through the two models, which was 0082 0 g/g dried base (GAB model) and 0078 1 g/g dried base (BET model). Liner equation about ΔHf and frozen water content were applied（R2 = 0999 6） for red sea bream. And from the equation, the unfrozen water content were calculated to be 0291 2 g/g dried base, at the time of ΔHf=0.

Abstract:A brief introduction to the research work and methodology of a number of foreign fisheries research institutes is reviewed in this paper, focusing on research fields such as the marine ecosystems, ecosystem restoration, sustainable use of marine resources, environmental monitoring, pollution monitoring and control, fishing technology optimizing, ecological and industrialized aquaculture, application of genetic technology for breeding improved species, the gene database of important species, the early development and sexual maturation of fish, etc. A brief comparison is made between research fields of China and foreign institutes.

Abstract:This paper reviewed the research progress of protein, lipid and vitamin requirement for marine fish larvae. Meanwhile, it introduced characteristics and production technology of microdiet. This review is expected to be a reference for the development of formulated diet of marine fish larvae.