微塑料在海洋渔业水域中的污染现状及其生物效应研究进展

Research progress on microplastics pollution in marine fishery water and their biological effects

摘要:

海洋塑料污染已成为与全球气候变化、臭氧耗竭、海洋酸化并列的重大全球环境问题，其中尺寸小于5 mm的塑料碎片或颗粒(微塑料)更是倍受全球关注的新型污染物。研究表明，微塑料在海洋渔业水域中广泛存在，而且，作为人类优质蛋白重要来源的海洋渔业生物也已受到微塑料的污染。因此，微塑料在海洋渔业水域中的污染现状及其生物效应研究越来越受到关注。本文总结了海洋渔业水域中微塑料的主要来源及污染现状，归纳了微塑料对海洋渔业生物的主要毒性效应及致毒机制，探讨了微塑料沿食物链的传递作用及其对水产品质量安全的潜在影响，剖析了当前研究所面临的问题，并对未来的研究工作进行了展望，以期为科学评估微塑料对海洋渔业资源和水产品质量安全的影响提供科学依据。

Abstract:

Marine plastic pollution has become a major global environmental issue combined with global climate change, ozone depletion, and ocean acidification. Microplastics (less than 5 mm in diameter), as emergent contaminants, are of great concern globally. Available studies show that microplastics are present in marine fisheries waters, and marine fishery organisms, an important source of high-quality protein for humans, have been contaminated by microplastics. Therefore, the study on microplastics pollution in marine fishery waters and their biological effects has attracted increased attention. In the present study, we summarized the main sources of microplastics in marine fishery waters and their pollution status, summed up the main toxic effects of microplastics on the marine fishery organisms and the corresponding toxicity mechanisms, discussed the transfer of microplastics along the marine food chain and their potential impact on the quality and safety of seafood, analyzed the current problems, and finally, provided the outlook for future work. This study provides a scientific basis for better evaluation of the effect of microplastics on the marine fisheries resources as well as seafood quality and safety.